Table VI.
Comparison of preoperative serum cytokine concentrations in patients with and without anastomotic leak
| Cytokines (preoperative) | Without leak | With leak | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory mediators: | |||
| IL-1β | 1.68 (1.3–2.1) | 1.11 (0.6–2.2) | 0.140t |
| IL-1ra | 114.5 (91.8–143) | 78.6 (22.3–276) | 0.239t |
| IL-6 | 13.1 (9.1–19) | 18.1 (4.1–16) | 0.286t |
| TNF-α | 28.4 (23.6–34.3) | 20.7 (14.1–30.4) | 0.172t |
| hs-CRP | 4.01 (2.8–5.8) | 3.6 (0.4–30.8) | 0.902W |
| Th1/Th2/Th9 immune response: | |||
| IL-4 | 4.49 (3.4–7.2) | 3.58 (2.7–11.9) | 0.670M |
| IL-5 | 2.86 (1.9–4.2) | 1.27 (0.4–4.3) | 0.109t |
| IL-7 | 9.08 (7.1–11.6) | 6.15 (2.7–14.1) | 0.216t |
| IL-9 | 14.5 (11.2–18.7) | 8.06 (2–32) | 0.109t |
| IL-10 | 8.79 (6.6–11.7) | 7.09 (1.3–39.6) | 0.752W |
| IL-12 (p70) | 41.8 (31.3–55.7) | 34.1 (11.3–102) | 0.588t |
| IL-13 | 10.6 (8–14.2) | 9.8 (4.2–22.7) | 0.811t |
| IFN-γ | 52.7 (41.7–66.5) | 49.8 (21.3–117) | 0.853t |
| Chemokines: | |||
| Eotaxin-1 | 74.9 (57.8–97.1) | 56.7 (30.9–104) | 0.382t |
| IP-10 | 1213 (948–1552) | 1087 (361–3271) | 0.740t |
| IL-8 | 37.1 (26.3–52.2) | 12.3 (8.1–18.9) | 0.010t |
| MCP-1 | 77.9 (60.4–100) | 38.3 (18.6–79) | 0.031t |
| MIP-1α | 2.96 (2.52–3.65) | 1.85 (1.53–2.36) | 0.012M |
| MIP-1β | 60.7 (44.8–82.2) | 39.6 (19–82.7) | 0.257t |
| RANTES | 3417 (1881–5093) | 13090 (2064–20669) | 0.192t |
| Growth factors: | |||
| FGF2 | 23.5 (17.6–31.3) | 10 (4.3–23.2) | 0.023t |
| G-CSF | 73 (58.8–85.2) | 46.8 (33.4–65.4) | 0.027M |
| GM-CSF | 26.9 (22.1–32.7) | 23.8 (11.4–49.9) | 0.633t |
| PDGF-BB | 1854 (1389–2473) | 1832 (902–3720) | 0.973t |
| VEGF-A | 92.7 (64.9–133) | 78.3 (32.6–188) | 0.697t |
t
– t-test for independent samples
M
– Mann-Whitney U test
W
– t-test with Welch correction. Data presented as mean with 95% CI or medians with interquartile range. All concentrations were measured in pg/ml, except for hs-CRP presented in mg/l.