Fig. 3.

Schematic of transcriptional and translational regulators of FTH expression. Ferritin expression is a highly regulated process at both the transcriptional and translational levels. (A) At the genome level, FTH ferritin gene expression has been shown to be influenced directly by transcription factors responsive to inflammatory and oxidative states including NF-κB, Nrf2 and JunD. NF-κB is thought to bind to the regulatory region FER2. P300/CBP, JunD and Nrf2 are thought to influence gene expression through interaction with the ARE, which overlaps with the FER1 promoter region (32–35). (B) The major post-transcriptional regulator of ferritin translation is iron, through its effects on the binding between IRP1 and IRP2 and the IRE in its 5′ UTR (14). Additional work has shown direct effects of IL-1β on FTH mRNA translation (36).