Figure 2.

Z-discs define the lateral edge of the sarcomere, and also participate in numerous cellular processes including signal transduction and protein turnover. Abbreviations: FAK, focal adhesion kinase; γ-filamin, also known as Filamin C; FHL, four-and-a-half LIM domains protein; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; MLP, muscle LIM protein; ALP, actin-associated LIM protein; PKCε, protein kinase C epsilon; MuRF, muscle-ring-finger protein; ENH, enigma-homolog protein; NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T-cells; MAFbx, muscle atrophy F-box (striated muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase) protein; GATA4, GATA sequence-binding zinc-finger transcription factor 4. [Fig. modified, with permission, from (175).]