Table 3. Association between incidence of IBD and drug prescriptions in the reporting year and three previous years to the diagnosisa.
| Drug prescriptions (yes or no) | Exposed area | Reference area | P-value for interactiondd |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%)b | OR (95% CI)c | n (%)b | OR (95% CI)c | ||
| Drugs for functional GI-disorders | 10 (7%) | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 19 (17%) | 2.9 (1.7–4.8)** | 0.046 |
| Laxatives | 59 (42%) | 4.6 (3.3–6.6)** | 48 (44%) | 5.4 (3.6–8.1)** | 0.65 |
| Antidiarrheal, intestinal anti-inflammatory/anti-infective agents | 66 (47%) | 33 (22–48)** | 54 (50%) | 40 (26–62)** | 0.53 |
| Symptoms and diseases of alimentary tract and metabolism | 64 (45%) | 1.4 (0.99–2.1) | 44 (40%) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.42 |
| Symptoms and diseases of the blood and blood forming organs | 23 (16%) | 3.0 (1.9–4.8)** | 11 (10%) | 2.0 (1.1–3.8)* | 0.29 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 56 (40%) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 48 (44%) | 1.5 (0.9–2.3) | 0.56 |
| Antifungals for dermatological use | 28 (20%) | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 15 (14%) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 0.29 |
| Symptoms and diseases of the skin | 64 (45%) | 1.4 (0.99–2.0) | 39 (36%) | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | 0.39 |
| Symptoms and diseases of the genito-urinary tract and reproduction | 47 (33%) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2)* | 27 (25%) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 0.21 |
| Symptoms and diseases of the endocrine glands | 32 (23%) | 1.8 (1.2–2.7)* | 21 (19%) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 0.37 |
| Antibacterial drugs for systemic use | 74 (52%) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 59 (54%) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 0.76 |
| Antiviral medication | 29 (21%) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 37 (34%) | 1.8 (1.2–2.8)* | 0.38 |
| Immunosuppressant drugs excluding corticosteroids | 11 (8%) | 8.4 (4.3–17)* | 10 (9%) | 16 (7.5–34)** | 0.21 |
| Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic drugs excluding corticosteroids | 57 (40%) | 0.5 (0.4–0.8)* | 47 (43%) | 0.5 (0.4–0.8)** | 0.85 |
| Symptoms and diseases of the musculoskeletal system | 15 (11%) | 2.5 (1.4–4.5)* | 11 (10%) | 2.1 (1.1–4.2)* | 0.73 |
| Analgesic drugs | 28 (20%) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 17 (16%) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.27 |
| Antidepressants (in combination with psycholeptics) | 15 (11%) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 17 (16%) | 1.6 (0.95–2.8) | 0.55 |
| Symptoms and diseases of the nervous system | 30 (21%) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 28 (26%) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 0.63 |
| Drugs for obstructive airway diseases, excluding corticosteroids | 26 (18%) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 18 (17%) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | 0.94 |
| Cough and cold drugs | 19 (13%) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 17 (16%) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 0.97 |
| Nasal preparations and antihistamines for systemic use | 35 (25%) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 43 (39%) | 1.7 (1.2–2.6)* | 0.03 |
| Symptoms and diseases of the sensory organs | 43 (30%) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 25 (23%) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.30 |
GI-disorders, Gastrointestinal disorders; IBD, Inflammatory bowel disease
* p-value < 0.5
** p-value < 0.01
a Results are shown if drugs were prescribed for at least 10 patients with IBD
b Number and percentage of patients with IBD with respective drug prescription in the reporting year and three previous years to the diagnosis
c Adjusted for age at diagnosis and gender, ref: neighbouring residents without respective drug prescription
d P-value for interaction: area × drug prescription