Table 3. Air pollution and mental health status according to sex.
| Subjective stress | Poor quality of life | Depressiveness | Depression diagnosis by doctor | Suicidal ideation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| PM10 | ||||||||||
| Q4 | 1.121(1.062, 1.183) | 1.089(1.036,1.145) | 1.256(1.175,1.337) | 1.236(1.137, 1.344) | 1.342(1.158,1.556) | 1.385(1.248,1.536) | 0.978(0.758,1.263) | 1.022(0.886,1.179) | 1.241(1.109,1.388) | 1.256(1.154,1.368) |
| Q3 | 1.078(1.028,1.131) | 1.033(0.981, 1.087) | 1.360(1.278,1.446) | 1.338(1.233, 1.451) | 1.442(1.250,1.662) | 1.409(1.275,1.557) | 1.076(0.849,1.363) | 1.101(0.960,1.262) | 1.246(1.117,1.391) | 1.175(1.081,1.277) |
| Q2 | 1.005(0.955,1.058) | 0.998(0.945, 1.053) | 1.088(1.020,1.159) | 1.078(0.989, 1.175) | 1.208(1.040,1.403) | 1.184(1.066,1.314) | 1.034(0.804,1.331) | 1.026(0.890,1.182) | 1.013(0.899,1.141) | 1.051(0.965,1.144) |
| Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| p-inter action | 0.009 | 0.593 | 0.741 | 0.969 | 0.583 | |||||
| NO2 | ||||||||||
| Q4 | 1.205(1.140, 1.274) | 1.161(1.104,1.220) | 1.587(1.458, 1.727) | 1.518(1.426,1.617) | 1.707(1.479,1.970) | 1.389(1.252,1.542) | 1.280(1.010, 1.623) | 1.223(1.066,1.403) | 1.319(1.177,1.478) | 1.402(1.286,1.529) |
| Q3 | 1.119(1.057, 1.184) | 1.108(1.053,1.167) | 1.140(1.042, 1.274) | 1.057(0.989,1.129) | 1.440(1.238,1.675) | 1.158(1.038,1.291) | 1.125(0.879, 1.440) | 1.241(1.069,1.441) | 1.074(0.957,1.205) | 1.134(1.031,1.247) |
| Q2 | 1.139(1.079, 1.202) | 1.072(1.021,1.126) | 1.054(0.972, 1.142) | 0.996(0.937,1.059) | 1.146(0.991,1.325) | 1.128(1.017,1.251) | 1.005(0.783, 1.290) | 1.059(0.929,1.208) | 1.045(0.943,1.158) | 1.197(1.098,1.304) |
| Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| p-inter action | 0.054 | 0.391 | 0.011 | 0.765 | 0.205 | |||||
| CO | ||||||||||
| Q4 | 1.123(1.064, 1.186) | 1.091(1.038,1.147) | 1.196(1.123,1.274) | 1.135(1.045, 1.232) | 1.535(1.338,1.663) | 1.524(1.375,1.689) | 1.204(0.946, 1.533) | 1.100(0.964,1.256) | 1.318 (1.178,1.476) | 1.162(1.069,1.263) |
| Q3 | 1.111(1.051, 1.173) | 1.085(1.032,1.140) | 1.433(1.346,1.526) | 1.186(1.091, 1.290) | 1.697(1.465,1.966) | 1.584(1.424,1.763) | 1.091(0.852, 1.397) | 1.197(1.039,1.378) | 1.290(1.148, 1.450) | 1.152(1.057, 1.256) |
| Q2 | 1.089(1.032, 1.150) | 1.079(1.027,1.134) | 1.212(1.139,1.290) | 1.065(0.980, 1.158) | 1.389(1.176,1.593) | 1.369(1.112,1.643) | 0.999(0.776, 1.286) | 1.086(0.951,1.241) | 1.163(1.034, 1.307) | 1.061(0.975, 1.155) |
| Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| p-inter action | 0.580 | <0.001 | 0.045 | 0.633 | 0.324 | |||||
| SO2 | ||||||||||
| Q4 | 0.944(0.894, 0.997) | 0.973(0.925,1.023) | 0.909(0.852,0.970) | 0.905(0.835,0.981) | 1.146(0.933,1.323) | 0.986(0.891,1.091) | 0.944(0.738, 1.208) | 0.804(0.701,0.922) | 0.879(0.785,0.984) | 0.861(0.791,0.938) |
| Q3 | 1.042(0.986, 1.101) | 1.059(1.008,1.114) | 1.145(1.074,1.220) | 1.129(1.037,1.229) | 1.345(1.162,1.557) | 1.171(1.059,1.294) | 1.082(0.848, 1.379) | 0.977(0.849,1.125) | 1.091(0.972,1.224) | 1.045(0.959,1.139) |
| Q2 | 0.939(0.890, 0.991) | 0.962(0.917,1.010) | 0.972(0.912,1.035) | 0.851(0.783,0.925) | 1.013(0.876,1.172) | 1.131(1.025,1.248) | 1.018(0.797, 1.302) | 0.834(0.729,0.955) | 0.909(0.812,1.018) | 0.962(0.885,1.047) |
| Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| p-inter action | 0.738 | 0.017 | 0.002 | 0.527 | 0.488 | |||||
Bold characteristics means P–value <0.05 among the values with p-interaction < 0.05. EQ-5D index was analyzed by logarithmic transformation. Adjustment for age, smoking, drinking, physical activity, education, marital status, employment, household income, sleep duration, residence and medical history (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, asthma, arthritis).