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. 2018 Mar 25;109(4):956–965. doi: 10.1111/cas.13543

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) requires tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) in augmenting ionizing radiation (IR)‐induced inhibition of tumor growth. A, Growth of ovalbumin‐expressing Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC‐OVA) tumors on WT B6 or Tnf‐α−/− mice. PolyI:C‐radiation combination therapy was carried out as per Figure 1A. B, LLC‐OVA cells were treated with TNF‐α for 24 hours and then with X‐irradiation. After 48 hours culture, cell viability was assessed by WST‐1 assay; n = 3. C, LLC‐OVA tumor‐bearing WT B6 mice were i.p. injected with polyI:C (100 μg/head). After 1 hours, tumors were collected and TNF‐α concentration was determined by cytometric bead assay. D, Tumor‐infiltrating cells from PBS‐ or polyI:C‐treated mice in Figure 5C were cultured with brefeldin A (10 μg/mL) for 5 hours. Frequency of tumor‐infiltrating cells and intracellular TNF‐α expression in cells from PBS or polyI:C‐treated mice were determined by FACS. Representative FACS plots of 4 similar outcomes are shown. Data represent the means (SD)