Table 1.

Geographic range of modern populations and subpopulations of H. pylori

Population	Subpopulation	Geographic range/location	Main references
hpAfrica1	hspWAfrica	Africa: West to North, then Eastward to South	(Nell et al., 2013)
	hspCAfrica	Africa: West to center towards Southwest	(Nell et al., 2013)
	hspSAfrica	Africa: South-East (+ Madagascar) to South	(Nell et al., 2013)
hpAfrica1/hpEurope hybrid	hspEuropeColombia	South America	(Thorell et al., 2017)
	hspAfrica1NAmerica	America: North, Center, and South	(Thorell et al., 2017)
	hspAfrica1Nicaragua	America: Center	(Thorell et al., 2017)
	hspMiscAmerica	America: Center and South	(Thorell et al., 2017)
hpAfrica2	hspNorthSan	Africa: South-West	(Linz et al., 2007; Moodley et al., 2012)
	hspSouthSan	Africa: South Africa	(Moodley et al., 2012)
hpNEAfrica	hspENEAfrica	Africa: Horn of Africa, westward to the Nile Valley, and to the Northwest	(Nell et al., 2013)
	hspCNEAfrica	Africa: Nile Valley, toward the West and Northwest	(Nell et al, 2013)
hpSahu1	hspAustralia	Australia	(Moodley et al., 2009)
	hspNGuinea	Papua New Guinea	(Moodley et al., 2009)
hpAsia2	hspLadakh	Asia: Himalayan region of Northern India	(Breurec et al., 2011; Tay et al., 2009)
	hspIndia	India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, and even Northern Europe	(Breurec et al., 2011; Tay et al., 2009)
hpEurope	hspEuropeS, hspEuropeN	Europe, as far East as South-East Asia	(Thorell et al., 2017)
	~	Australia, America, South Africa, Australia, and the South Pacific Islands	(Falush et al., 2003b)
hpEastAsia	hspEAsia	Asia: East Asia, toward Japan	(Falush et al., 2003b; Moodley et al., 2009)
	hspAmerind	Asia and America: East Asia, toward North and South America	(Falush et al., 2003b)
	hspMaori	Asia: Taiwan and the Pacific Islands	(Linz et al., 2007; Moodley et al., 2009)