(A) in addition to BSEP, other bile acid transporters including NTCP and OATP1B1 for bile acid uptake and MRP3 and MRP4 for bile acid efflux. (B) the expression levels of NTCP, (C) OATP1B1, (D) MRP3 and (E) MRP4 mRNA in the liver of diabetic (n=20) and control subjects (n=18) were determined by TaqMan real-time PCR. The expression levels of GAPDH mRNA were used to normalize the expression levels of NTCP, OATP1B1, MRP3 and MRP4. The means and standard errors of the group values were indicated by the long and short lines, respectively. No statistical significances were detected by the Student’s t-test between normal and diabetic subjects.