Table 1.
Participant characteristics (N = 3320) of women by Appalachian County of residence
| Demographic or cancer characteristic | Appalachian (n = 990) |
Non-Appalachian (n = 2330) |
t test df p value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age at diagnosis (Standard Error, SE) | 57.33 (0.34) | 56.46 (0.22) | 2.11 3333 .04 |
| Mean days from diagnosis to interview (SE) | 389.23 (5.27) | 387.68 (3.64) | 0.25 3333 .80 |
| % | % | χ2df p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| North Carolina Resident (vs. Kentucky) | 30.8 | 25.3 | 10.69 1 .001 |
| Non-white (vs. White) | 4.5 | 11.6 | 40.38 1 < .0001 |
| Currently married (vs. not married) | 63.1 | 61.9 | 0.41 1 NS |
| Late stage at cancer diagnosis (Stage III–IV versus 0, I–II) | 24.7 | 27.1 | 1.00 1 NS |
| Current smoker (vs. not a current smoker) | 14.8 | 11.2 | 9.34 1 .002 |
| Beale code (rurality) | 870.51 4 < .0001 | ||
| Metro or fringe to metro (≥ 1 million) | 0.0 | 49.8 | |
| Metro (< 250,000–1 million) | 12.6 | 25.5 | |
| Urban pop > 20,000 | 12.5 | 5.7 | |
| Urban pop < 2000 adjacent to Metro | 52.0 | 15.4 | |
| Rural adjacent to Metro | 22.9 | 3.6 | |
| Education | 58.97 4 < .0001 | ||
| Less than high school graduate | 14.5 | 7.2 | |
| High school graduate-GED | 32.4 | 29.2 | |
| Some college | 15.0 | 18.5 | |
| Vocational school or Associates Degree | 13.8 | 14.0 | |
| College graduate or more | 24.3 | 31.1 | |
| Insurance | 56.70 3 < .0.0001 | ||
| No insurance of any kind | 6.3 | 4.4 | |
| Medicaid versus no Medicaid | 13.5 | 8.1 | |
| Medicare versus no Medicare | 31.7 | 25.6 | |
| Private versus Other or no coverage | 48.5 | 61.9 | |
| Monthly household income | 72.01 5< .0.0001 | ||
| Less than $1000 | 15.3 | 10.4 | |
| $1000–$1999 | 27.4 | 20.0 | |
| $2000–$2999 | 18.9 | 16.4 | |
| $3000–$3999 | 12.3 | 13.4 | |
| $4000–$4999 | 11.2 | 15.0 | |
| $5000 or more | 15.0 | 24.8 | |
| IPV timing | |||
| Lifetime violence (any of the forms below) | 39.1 | 41.9 | 2.69 1 NS |
| IPV (physical, sexual or psychological) | 35.6 | 37.2 | 1.88 1 NS |
| Current IPV | 8.3 | 7.5 | 0.62 1 NS |
| Sexual assaulta | 4.9 | 5.2 | 0.15 1 NS |
| Childhood sexual abuseb | 9.9 | 11.3 | 1.39 1 NS |
| Type of cancer | 13.92 10 NS | ||
| Leukemia/Lymphoma | 3.7 | 4.9 | |
| Colorectal | 10.0 | 8.3 | |
| Cervical/vulvar | 3.4 | 2.7 | |
| Endometrial | 5.6 | 4.4 | |
| Ovarian | 3.2 | 2.2 | |
| Head/neck/lung | 5.6 | 6.4 | |
| Other GI (stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas) | 0.7 | 1.1 | |
| Skin, bone, brain | 3.4 | 3.3 | |
| Bladder/kidney | 2.4 | 2.4 | |
| Thyroid | 4.0 | 4.2 | |
| Breast | 57.8 | 60.1 | |
*Unadjusted associations. χ2 tests used for categorical variables, two-sample t test used for continuous variables
aSexual assault item: “Since you turned age 18, did anyone other than an intimate or dating partner ever physically force or otherwise force you to do any sexual activity against your will?”
bChildhood sexual abuse was identified based on yes responses to either of the following two items: “Before age 18, (1) did anyone ever physically force, or (2) attempt to physically force you, to do any sexual activity against your will?”