Table 2.
Comparison of mean and standard deviation in spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect, optimism and hope scores among healthy individuals with mild cognitive impairment and mild/moderate dementia.
| Control Group | Clinical group |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 66 | Mild cognitive impairment N = 15 | Mild dementia N = 25 | Moderate dementia N = 22 | P | F(dfB;dfW) | |
| Spiritual well-being | 39.06 (5.62)c | 28.00 (6.92)a | 31.28 (6.42)a,b | 35.50 (7.89)b,c | <0.001 | 17.46(3;124) |
| Peace | 12.89 (2.12)c | 8.6 (2.74)a | 9.72 (2.33)a,b | 11.41 (2.55)b | <0.001 | 20.70(3;124) |
| Meaning | 13.18 (1.92)c | 8.73 (2.63)a | 10.60 (2.02)b | 11.95 (2.69)b,c | <0.001 | 21.16(3;124) |
| Faith | 13.13 (2.25)b | 10.67 (3.88)a | 10.96 (3.90)a | 12.27 (3.16)a,b | 0.003 | 4.85(3;124) |
| Social support | 94.74 (11.98)b | 73.46 (27.02)a | 74.39 (30.12)a | 91.18 (18.68)b | <0.001 | 9.35(3;124) |
| Material | 95.30 (14.43)b | 82.66 (22.58)a | 88.20 (17.13)a,b | 94.09 (15.93)a,b | 0.029 | 3.09(3;124) |
| Affective | 96.63 (10.92)b | 80 (27.25)a | 82.12 (22.67)a | 92.40 (19.00)a,b | <0.001 | 6.43(3;124) |
| Emotional | 94.16 (14.89)b | 74.33 (28.77)a | 76.8 (26.17)a,b | 91.59 (19.11)b | <0.001 | 7.19(3;124) |
| Information | 93.78 (14.54)b | 68.33 (30.09)a | 73.2 (28.60)a | 90.45 (21.03)b | <0.001 | 9.86(3;124) |
| Positive social interaction | 95.22 (13.34)b | 63.05 (38.62)a | 67.43 (33.81)a | 90.00 (20.23)b | <0.001 | 13.51(3;124) |
| Self-esteem | 38.10 (2.68)b | 28.53 (7.92)a | 30.96 (6.99)a | 35.95 (4.70)b | <0.001 | 23.32(3;124) |
| Life Satisfaction | 30.93 (3.73)b | 25.53 (6.86)a | 23.24 (5.81)a | 29.27 (3.79)b | <0.001 | 18.96(3;124) |
| Positive Affect | 37.65 (4.88)b | 28.27 (9.78)a | 27.00 (7.63)a | 33.41 (7.95)b | <0.001 | 19.11(3;124) |
| Negative Affect | 12.62 (4.60)a | 25.27 (7.94)b | 22.24 (7.71)b | 14.41 (5.47)a | <0.001 | 29.30(3;124) |
| Optimism | 24.10 (4.58)c | 13.87 (6.78)a | 14.60 (3.96)a | 20.32 (4.01)b | <0.001 | 36.22(3;124) |
| Hope | 36.93 (3.54)b | 28.40 (7.97)a | 28.32 (6.01)a | 34.00 (5.10)b | <0.001 | 24.34(3;124) |
∗a,b,cDifferent letters indicate significant differences (Tukey test at 5% significance); dfB, degrees of freedom between groups; dfW, degrees of freedom within groups.