Table 1.
Summary of the host responses of the animal hosts of West Nile virus.
| Mosquito | Bird | Horse | Human | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RNAi response | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Not utilized |
| Interferon-mediated response | Possibly, using Vago | Unknown | Yes | Yes |
| Apoptosis | Yes | Unknown | Yes | Yes |
| OAS response | Absent | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Passive immunity | Absent | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Various classes of conserved host responses are noted if they are utilized in the response to WNV (yes), present in the host, but not utilized in the response to WNV (not utilized), or not present/undiscovered in the host (absent).