Table 2.
Antidiabetic medication treatment patterns stratified by cardiovascular disease (CVD) status
| Medicationa | No established CVD N = 54,659 |
Established CVD N = 40,910 |
P value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| No OAD | 17,984 (32.9%) | 17,137 (41.9%) | < 0.001 |
| OAD | 36,675 (67.1%) | 23,773 (58.1%) | |
| 1 OAD | 23,166 (63.2%) | 14,889 (62.6%) | < 0.001 |
| 2 OAD | 9540 (26.0%) | 6574 (27.7%) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 3 OAD | 3969 (10.8%) | 2310 (9.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Insulin | 6211 (11.4%) | 7472 (18.3%) | < 0.001 |
| GLP-1RA | 2978 (5.4%) | 1685 (4.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Liraglutide | 1683 (3.1%) | 916 (2.2%) | < 0.001 |
| SGLT-2i | 2265 (4.1%) | 1042 (2.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Empagliflozin | 462 (0.8%) | 209 (0.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Canagliflozin | 1348 (2.5%) | 691 (1.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Other ADD | 1101 (2%) | 853 (2.1%) | 0.444 |
OADs: biguanide (metformin), sulfonylurea, thiazolidinedione, dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor
Other ADD-other antidiabetic drug: pramlintide, name brand bromocriptine (Cycloset®), colesevelam, nateglinide or repaglinide
ADD antidiabetic drug, CVD cardiovascular disease, GLP-1RA glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, OAD oral antidiabetic drug
†Categorical variables were evaluated for association using the Chi squared test; continuous variables were tested using the Mann–Whitney U test
aMedication categories are not mutually exclusive, and patients could be represented in more than one category (“OAD” sub-categories by number of OADs are mutually exclusive within that category)