Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and neuropathological data of subjects with and without diabetes mellitus (n = 1,037)
| Variables | No Diabetes n = 758 |
Diabetes n = 279 |
p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics, clinical variables, APOE genotyping | |||
| Age (y), mean (SD)* | 74.7 (11.7) | 73.5 (10.9) | 0.16 |
| Female, n (%)# | 388 (51.2) | 153 (54.8) | 0.30 |
| Education (y), mean (SD)* | 4.1 (3.6) | 4.2 (3.7) | 0.58 |
| Race, n (%)‡ | 0.67 | ||
| White | 456 (60.2) | 172 (61.7) | |
| Black | 157 (20.7) | 53 (19.0) | |
| Admixed | 129 (17.0) | 51 (18.3) | |
| Asian | 16 (2.1) | 3 (1.1) | |
| Socioeconomic class, n (%)# | 0.16 | ||
| High | 235 (31.0) | 83 (29.8) | |
| Middle | 346 (45.7) | 144 (51.6) | |
| Low | 176 (23.2) | 52 (18.6) | |
| Daily contact with the informant, n (%)# | 536 (70.7) | 194 (69.5) | 0.71 |
| Hypertension, n (%)# | 456 (60.2) | 224 (80.3) | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%)# | 43 (5.7) | 50 (17.9) | <0.0001 |
| Physical inactivity, n (%)# | 379 (50.0) | 160 (57.3) | 0.04 |
| Smoking, n (%)# | 0.08 | ||
| Never | 384 (50.7) | 150 (53.8) | |
| Current | 208 (27.4) | 58 (20.8) | |
| Former | 164 (21.6) | 70 (25.1) | |
| Alcohol use, n (%)# | 0.42 | ||
| Never | 466 (61.5) | 182 (65.2) | |
| Current | 178 (23.5) | 55 (19.7) | |
| Former | 110 (14.5) | 41 (14.7) | |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%)# | 151 (19.9) | 74 (26.5) | 0.02 |
| Heart Failure, n (%)# | 121 (16.0) | 55 (19.7) | 0.15 |
| Stroke, n (%)# | 109 (14.4) | 58 (20.8) | 0.01 |
| CDR >0, n (%)# | 311 (41.0) | 121 (43.4) | 0.53 |
| APOE allele ε4, n (%)# § | 108 (30.2) | 37 (26.2) | 0.38 |
| Neuropathology | 0.31 | ||
| CERAD score, n (%)# | |||
| 0 | 452 (59.6) | 181 (64.9) | |
| A | 111 (14.7) | 35 (12.5) | |
| B | 106 (14.0) | 29 (10.4) | |
| C | 89 (11.7) | 34 (12.2) | |
| Braak-Braak stages, n (%)# | 0.81 | ||
| 0 | 146 (19.4) | 60 (21.6) | |
| I | 116 (15.4) | 46 (16.6) | |
| II | 214 (28.4) | 73 (26.3) | |
| III | 116 (15.4) | 49 (17.6) | |
| IV | 73 (9.7) | 21 (7.5) | |
| V | 41 (5.5) | 14 (5.0) | |
| VI | 47 (6.2) | 15 (5.4) |
CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; APOE, apolipoprotein E; CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease; SD, standard deviation.
*
unpaired t-test;
†
Mann-Whitney test;
#
Chi-square test;
‡
Fisher’s exact test.
§
Data available for 524 participants.