Table 1.
Clinicopathological patient characteristics
| Age, years | 67.4 ± 9.5 |
| Sex (male/female) | 325/77 |
| Body mass index | 23.2 ± 3.5 |
| Child-Pugh classification (A/B/C) | 364/38/0 |
| Etiology of HCC (HBV and/or HCC/others) | 264/138 |
| Previous treatment for HCC (yes/no) | 109/293 |
| Smoking (current/former/never) | 118/142/142 |
| Respiratory past history (yes/no) | 63/339 |
| Pulmonary function (normal/restrictive/obstructive/combined) | 290/21/81/7 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 69.6 ± 7.9 |
| Indocyanine green retention test at 15 min, % | 17.1 ± 10.1 |
| Platelet count, ×104/mm3 | 155 ± 72.7 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.9 ± 0.6 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.9 ± 0.5 |
| Alpha-fetoprotein, ng/mL | 21.9 (0.9–2,873,490) |
| Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, mU/L | 181 (8–431,000) |
| Surgical procedure (≥lobectomy/<segmentectomy) | 138/264 |
| Operative time, min | 385 ± 139.2 |
| Operative blood loss, g | 1,295 ± 2,312 |
| TNM stage (I/II/III/IV) | 55/179/116/47 |
| Number of tumors (solitary/multiple) | 270/132 |
| Differentiation of HCC (good/moderate/poor/unknown) | 43/255/90/14 |
| Microvascular invasion (positive/negative) | 62/340 |
| Preoperative psoas muscle index | |
| Males | 6.908 ± 1.621 |
| Females | 5.172 ± 1.250 |
| Preoperative intramuscular adipose tissue content | |
| Males | –0.337 ± 0.134 |
| Females | –0.170 ± 0.173 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (range), number of patients, or percentage. HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; TNM, Tumor Node Metastasis stage (as defined by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan).