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. 2018 Jan 16;293(14):5053–5061. doi: 10.1074/jbc.TM117.000368

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Overview of biosynthetic routes to biopolymers. The main steps in the microbial biosynthetic routes for cellulose, alginate, chitin, chitosan, and hyaluronan from glucose are briefly depicted. The solid arrow represents an enzymatic step, and the broken arrow represents a multistep pathway that includes a number of enzymatic steps. The yellow circle represents the starting material, glucose; gray circles represent intermediate metabolites; red circles represent a sugar nucleotide; and blue, orange, purple, and green circles represent product biopolymer molecules. Abbreviations used are as follows: AcCoA, acetyl coenzyme-A; BC, bacterial cellulose; F6P, fructose 6-phosphate; G1P, glucose 1-phosphate; G6P, glucose 6-phosphate; GDP-Man, GDP-mannose; GDP-ManA, GDP-mannuronic acid; GlcN-6-P, glucosamine 6-phosphate; GlcNAc-1-P, N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate; GlcNAc-6-P, N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate; M1P, mannose 1-phosphate; M6P, mannose 6-phosphate; OAA, oxaloacetate; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; UDP-Glc, UDP-glucose; UDP-GlcNAc, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine; UDP-GlcUA, UDP-glucuronic acid.