Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 10.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Immunol. 2016 Apr 5;131:1–59. doi: 10.1016/bs.ai.2016.02.001

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Overview of MDA epitopes and their interaction with different arcs of innate immunity. MDA epitopes are danger signals generated on biomolecules such as LDL in atherosclerotic lesions due to oxidative stress and on the surface of cells, cellular debris or microvesicles during apoptosis and cell activation. Both soluble and membrane-bound factors of the innate immune system bind to MDA epitopes presented on OxLDL or cell membranes including natural antibodies such as E014 and NA-17, the scavenger receptor SR-A1 and two members of the complement system, CFH and C3a. Also other OSEs are recognized by innate immunity (not shown here).