Figure 3.

Simple scenarios of global change affect stability in various ways across spatial scales. We consider five scenarios: (a) Species loss alone, (b) species loss associated with an increase in population density, (c) species loss associated with an increase in range size, (d) habitat destruction alone and (e) habitat destruction associated with an increase in population density. Left column: illustration of simulated landscape. Middle column: Decorrelation by species turnover (IAR-DST; in red). Right column: Decorrelation by distance (IAR-DD; in blue). Reference IARs for the initial landscape (black line) are the same across scenarios. Parameter values of the reference IARs are the same as in Figure 2, except ρ₀=1/λ_SQ=0.02 and D₀=Q/2=510³. Parameter changes are (a) λ_S → λ_S/γ, (b) λ_S → λ_S/γ and λ_I → γλ_I, (c) λ_S → λ_S/γ and Q → γQ, (d) Q → Q/γ, and (e) Q → Q/γ and λ_I → γλ_I, where the factor γ is equal to γ = 4 for the curve closest to the reference, and equal to γ = 16 for the curve furthest from the reference