Figure 1.

CQ treatment blocks autophagy and potentiates apoptosis induced by PI3K inhibition. ER⁺ breast cancer cells were treated with DMEM/1% FBS ± 1 μM GDC-0941 or 50 μM CQ. A) Apoptosis was measured by PI/Annexin V staining and flow cytometry after 24 h of treatment. *P < 0.05 by Bonferroni multiple comparison-adjusted post hoc test compared with control unless otherwise indicated with brackets (between GDC and GDC+CQ, or between CQ and GDC+CQ). B) Lysates were collected after 24 h of treatment and analyzed by immunoblotting using the indicated antibodies. FL, full-length; CL, cleaved.