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. 2018 Apr 7;8(4):e020656. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020656

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© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

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Mean values of adjusted FEV₁ measurements across quintiles of vitamin A, carotene and vitamin C intake (energy adjusted) in subjects with COPD. Adjusted for age, body mass index, energy intake, number of comorbid diseases, alcohol consumption, place of residence, household income and education level. P values were determined using tests for linear trends across increasing quintiles (means) of antioxidant vitamin intake. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s.