Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Indicators | Total | NAFLD | No NAFLD | P value |
| (A) Subset | ||||
| n | 447 | 102 (22.8%) | 345 (77.2%) | |
| Age (years) | 44.3±11.9 | 44.6±10.8 | 44.0±12.1 | 0.609 |
| Age range | 4.0±1.2 | 4.0±1.2 | 3.9±1.2 | 0.608 |
| Obesity | 235 (51.8%) | 94 | 141 | <0.001 |
| Body fat | 309 (68.1%) | 89 | 220 | <0.001 |
| Blood lipids | 87 (19.2%) | 21 | 66 | 0.745 |
| Hypertension | 55 (12.1%) | 23 | 32 | 0.003 |
| Male | 171 (38.3%) | 64 | 107 | <0.001 |
| Elevated liver enzymes | 18 (4.0%) | 7 | 11 | 0.174 |
| (B) Total study population | ||||
| n | 1479 | 365 (24.7%) | 1114 (75.3%) | |
| Obesity | 809 (54.7%) | 334 | 475 | <0.001 |
| Body fat | 1003 (67.8%) | 309 | 694 | <0.001 |
| Blood lipid | 458 (30.9%) | 163 | 295 | <0.001 |
| High blood glucose | 71 (4.8%) | 43 | 28 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 314 (21.2%) | 129 | 185 | <0.001 |
| Abnormal uric acid | 83 (5.6%) | 38 | 45 | <0.001 |
| Male | 590 (39.8%) | 214 | 376 | <0.001 |
| Impaired liver function | 32 (0.2%) | 12 | 20 | 0.142 |
| Elevated liver enzymes | 110 (0.7%) | 53 | 57 | <0.001 |
Age ranges of 20–30, 30–40, 40–50, 50–60 and ≥60 are 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Conditions were defined as follows: obesity (body mass index ≥24 kg/m2), hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive drug treatment), body fat ratio ≥25 for women or ≥20 for men, blood triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/L, blood fasting glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L, impaired liver function (positive HBsAg), liver enzyme elevation (AST ≥40 U/L or ALT ≥40 U/L), and uric acid ≥357 µmol/L for women or ≥416 µmol/L for men.
Mean values are provided with SD, unless otherwise noted as n (%). Differences between participants with and without NAFLD were evaluated with t-tests or the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables and the χ2 test for categorical variables.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.