Table 1.
Demographic and medical characteristics of the sample (n = 36,731) with live births
| Characteristic | Total (n = 36,731) n (%) |
|---|---|
| Male infant | 18,958 (51.6) |
| Outcomes | |
| Preterm birth | 2,925 (8.0) |
| Low birthweight | 2,382 (6.5) |
| High birthweight | 3,358 (9.1) |
| SGAa | 3,546 (9.7) |
| Paternal factors | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 28 (6.4) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 28,374 (77.2) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 3,952 (10.8) |
| Hispanic | 2,749 (7.5) |
| Non-Hispanic Others | 1,656 (4.5) |
| Education | |
| < High school | 4,884 (13.3) |
| High school | 10,792 (29.4) |
| > High school | 21,055 (57.3) |
| Maternal covariates | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 26 (5.5) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 29,273 (79.7) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 3,185 (8.7) |
| Hispanic | 2,478 (6.7) |
| Non-Hispanic Others | 1,795 (4.9) |
| Education | |
| < High school | 4,468 (12.2) |
| High school | 7,879 (21.5) |
| > High school | 24,340 (66.3) |
| Employment during pregnancy (yes) | 26,707 (72.7) |
| Diabetes, prepregnancy | 255 (0.7) |
| Diabetes, gestational | 1,542 (4.2) |
| Hypertension, prepregnancy | 591 (1.6) |
| Hypertension, gestational | 3,190 (8.7) |
| Other Chronic illnesses | 3,176 (8.6) |
| Smokingb | 6,949 (18.9) |
| Illegal drug use | 1,017 (2.8) |
| Financial assistance (yes) | 14,770 (40.2) |
a
SGA is small for gestational age;;
b
including smoking within the 3 months before pregnancy.