Table 1. Overview of the 39 experimental sites.
Mean ± SE given for each of the environmental variables. We conducted pairwise comparisons for the tests showing a significant effect of management strategy. Deadwood volume of spruce (m3/ha) was divided into classes based on decay stage and substrate type.
| Stand type | Old growth | Reference | Selective-felling | Thinning | Clear-cutting | F-value | DF | p | pairwise |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Original state | Uneven | Uneven | Uneven | Even | Uneven | ||||
| Current state | Uneven | Uneven | Uneven | Even | Even | ||||
| Number of stands | 8 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 9 | ||||
| Size (ha) | 19.5 ± 9.0 | 7.2 ±1.6 | 8.0 ± 0.7 | 7.7 ± 3.0 | 5.7 ± 1.3 | 1.7 | 4 | 0.2 | |
| Altitude (masl) | 418 ± 23 | 365 ± 25 | 391 ± 9 | 366 ± 34 | 376 ± 18 | 1.2 | 4 | 0.3 | |
| Years since harvest | NA | NA | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 6.2 ± 2.2 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 0.3 | 2 | 0.8 | |
| Basal area (m2) | 25.7 ± 2.9 | 24.5 ± 1.0 | 17.9 ± 1.0 | 18.5 ±2.3 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 43.2 | 4 | <0.01 | OG,R> SF,T> CC |
| Spruce % of BA | 80.8 ± 6.0 | 80.3 ± 3.7 | 80.0 ± 4.1 | 83.2 ± 7.1 | NA | 0.0 | 3 | 0.9 | |
| Birch % of BA | 5.0 ± 2.3 | 14.2 ± 3.4 | 13.4 ± 2.1 | 8.0 ± 3.0 | NA | 2.4 | 3 | 0.09 | |
| Deadwood (m3) | 46.2 ± 11.4 | 16.9 ± 4.2 | 13.0 ± 3.5 | 4.6 ± 1.0 | 8.5 ± 3.2 | 15.2 | 4 | 0.03 | OG> R,SF> T,CC |
| Early decay logs | 10.8 ± 2.8 | 3.7 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 5.8 | 4 | <0.01 | OG> R,SF,T,CC |
| Late decay logs | 17.4 ± 4.7 | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 6.1 ± 2.0 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 4.9 ± 1.6 | 5.7 | 4 | <0.01 | OG>R,SF,T,CC |
| Early decay standing | 11.8 ± 2.1 | 5.1 ± 1.6 | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 10.9 | 4 | <0.01 | OG>R,SF,T,CC; R>T,CC |
| Late decay standing | 6.2 ± 1.8 | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 0 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 5.7 | 4 | <0.01 | OG,R >SF, T,CC |
OG = old growth, R = reference, SF = selective-felling, T = thinning, CC = clearcut.