Table S1.
ABI | baPWV | |
---|---|---|
Underestimation or lower value | A low and a borderline ABI in young individuals including children, men under 30 years old, women under 40 years old, especially, a low and a borderline ABI are frequently observed among healthy children and university students of both genders | 1. Obstruction such as arterial stenosis in the measurement pathway from the heart to the ankle 2. Moderate to severe aortic valve diseases |
Overestimation or high value | 1. Arterial calcification in the lower limb 2. Severe aortic valve regurgitation 3. Low brachial systolic BP due to arterial stenosis in the upper limb (particularly hemodialysis patients) 4. Too narrow cuff width for the ankle 5. Too loose ankle cuff setting |
Arterial stenosis in the brachial base of the baPWV measurement (from the heart to the brachium) |
Measurement error | Inaccurate timing determination of systolic BP in the oscillometric envelope | Inaccurate determination of the upstroke in the pulse waveform |
Abbreviations: ABI, ankle-brachial index; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; BP, blood pressure.