Figure 1. Starvation causes a lower preferred temperature (T_p).

(A) A schematic diagram of the experimental conditions. The flies were reared under normal food conditions (Fed; blue-colored bars), then transferred to starved conditions (water-soaked paper) for either 18–21 hr (overnight (1 O/N)) or 42–45 hr (2 O/N) (starved; orange-colored bars) and tested in behavioral assays for temperature preference. The flies starved for 24 hr were refed overnight (Refed 1 O/N). The details are provided in the experimental procedures.

(B) Comparison of T_p among fed (white box), starved overnight (gray box), starved 2 O/N (green box) and refed (purple box) conditions in w¹¹¹⁸ (control) flies. The behavioral experiments were performed at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 4–7. The behavioral experiments performed at ZT 1–3, 4–6, 7–9 and 10–12 are shown in Figure S1B (Fed: blue line, Starved: orange line). Whiskers indicate the minimum-maximum data range of T_p, and boxes indicate the 25–75^th percentile data range of T_p. A horizontal line and a cross in each box represent the median and mean, respectively. Italicized numbers indicate the number of trials. One-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Dunnett’s test was performed to compare each T_p to the control (fed condition). **p<0.01. NS indicates no significance.

(C) Comparison of T_p among flies that were normally fed (white box), starved overnight (gray box), refed with normal food (red box) and refed with the following sugar solutions: Glucose, 1% glucose (orange box); Sucrose, 1% sucrose (yellow box); Fructose, 1% fructose (green box); and Lactose, 1% lactose (blue box). The behavioral experiments were performed at ZT 1–3. The plotting pattern is the same as in Figure 1B. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett’s test was performed to compare T_p under each condition to starved conditions (gray box). *p<0.05. **p<0.01. ***p<0.001. NS indicates no significance. See also Figure S1 and Table S2.