Table 2.
HRs between political party affiliation and risk for mortality: 2008 General Social Survey-National Death Index
| Crude
|
Model 1
|
Model 2
|
Model 3
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Political party affiliation | ||||||||
| Democrat (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Republican | 0.88 | (0.83 to 0.94) | 0.97 | (0.93 to 1.01) | 0.97 | (0.94 to 1.01) | 0.98 | (0.95 to 1.02) |
| Independent | 0.70 | (0.68 to 0.72) | 0.93 | (0.90 to 0.97) | 0.93 | (0.90 to 0.97) | 0.94 | (0.90 to 0.97) |
| Other party | 0.76 | (0.62 to 0.92) | 0.99 | (0.85 to 1.15) | 0.98 | (0.85 to 1.14) | 0.97 | (0.84 to 1.13) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Female | 0.68 | (0.65 to 0.71) | 0.68 | (0.65 to 0.71) | 0.68 | (0.65 to 0.71) | ||
| Race | ||||||||
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Black | 1.29 | (1.18 to 1.40) | 1.28 | (1.17 to 1.41) | 1.27 | (1.15 to 1.40) | ||
| Other | 1.03 | (0.85 to 1.24) | 1.02 | (0.84 to 1.23) | 1.00 | (0.83 to 1.21) | ||
| Education | ||||||||
| Less than high school (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| High school | 0.91 | (0.87 to 0.95) | 0.90 | (0.87 to 0.94) | 0.93 | (0.89 to 0.97) | ||
| Junior college | 0.88 | (0.77 to 1.00) | 0.88 | (0.77 to 1.00) | 0.91 | (0.79 to 1.04) | ||
| Bachelor’s degree | 0.80 | (0.74 to 0.86) | 0.80 | (0.74 to 0.86) | 0.83 | (0.77 to 0.91) | ||
| Graduate | 0.83 | (0.75 to 0.91) | 0.83 | (0.75 to 0.91) | 0.87 | (0.79 to 0.96) | ||
| Religious affiliation | ||||||||
| None (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Protestant | 1.10 | (1.01 to 1.19) | 1.11 | (1.02 to 1.22) | 1.12 | (1.02 to 1.23) | ||
| Catholic | 0.99 | (0.91 to 1.07) | 1.00 | (0.90 to 1.11) | 1.01 | (0.90 to 1.12) | ||
| Jewish | 0.90 | (0.81 to 1.01) | 0.91 | (0.83 to 1.00) | 0.90 | (0.81 to 0.99) | ||
| Eastern | 0.49 | (0.22 to 1.07) | 0.50 | (0.23 to 1.10) | 0.49 | (0.23 to 1.07) | ||
| Other | 0.90 | (0.79 to 1.03) | 0.91 | (0.80 to 1.03) | 0.92 | (0.81 to 1.04) | ||
| Age, years | ||||||||
| 18–20 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| 21–30 | 1.19 | (0.86 to 1.63) | 1.18 | (0.86 to 1.64) | 1.17 | (0.85 to 1.61) | ||
| 31–40 | 1.99 | (1.46 to 2.72) | 1.99 | (1.45 to 2.73) | 1.94 | (1.41 to 2.68) | ||
| 41–50 | 3.15 | (2.25 to 4.41) | 3.15 | (2.25 to 4.41) | 3.03 | (2.16 to 4.26) | ||
| 51–60 | 5.11 | (3.60 to 7.27) | 5.11 | (3.58 to 7.29) | 4.85 | (3.39 to 6.95) | ||
| 61–70 | 8.38 | (5.90 to 11.89) | 8.40 | (5.91 to 11.94) | 7.98 | (5.59 to 11.40) | ||
| 71–80 | 13.00 | (8.77 to 19.27) | 13.03 | (8.77 to 19.35) | 12.33 | (8.22 to 18.47) | ||
| >80 | 19.03 | (12.89 to 28.09) | 19.16 | (13.02 to 28.19) | 18.01 | (12.30 to 26.38) | ||
| Household income | ||||||||
| Low (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Medium | 0.94 | (0.87 to 1.02) | 0.94 | (0.87 to 1.02) | 0.97 | (0.89 to 1.05) | ||
| High | 0.83 | (0.79 to 0.88) | 0.83 | (0.78 to 0.87) | 0.86 | (0.81 to 0.92) | ||
| Missing | 1.03 | (0.94 to 1.12) | 1.03 | (0.94 to 1.12) | 1.05 | (0.96 to 1.15) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Divorced | 0.96 | (0.89 to 1.03) | 0.94 | (0.88 to 1.02) | 0.94 | (0.87 to 1.00) | ||
| Separated | 1.13 | (0.99 to 1.29) | 1.13 | (0.99 to 1.29) | 1.10 | (0.97 to 1.26) | ||
| Widowed | 1.16 | (1.08 to 1.23) | 1.15 | (1.08 to 1.23) | 1.14 | (1.06 to 1.22) | ||
| Single | 1.07 | (1.00 to 1.15) | 1.07 | (1.00 to 1.15) | 1.07 | (1.00 to 1.16) | ||
| Region | ||||||||
| New England (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mid-Atlantic | 1.06 | (1.04 to 1.08) | 1.05 | (1.04 to 1.07) | ||||
| East North Central | 1.15 | (1.13 to 1.18) | 1.14 | (1.12 to 1.17) | ||||
| West North Central | 0.97 | (0.94 to 1.00) | 0.97 | (0.94 to 0.99) | ||||
| South Atlantic | 1.07 | (1.03 to 1.11) | 1.06 | (1.02 to 1.10) | ||||
| East South Central | 1.05 | (1.00 to 1.11) | 1.04 | (0.98 to 1.10) | ||||
| West South Central | 1.17 | (1.12 to 1.21) | 1.15 | (1.11 to 1.20) | ||||
| Mountain | 1.02 | (0.99 to 1.05) | 1.03 | (1.00 to 1.05) | ||||
| Pacific | 1.16 | (1.14 to 1.19) | 1.16 | (1.13 to 1.18) | ||||
| Setting | ||||||||
| Rural (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Suburban | 1.06 | (0.98 to 1.14) | 1.06 | (0.99 to 1.14) | ||||
| Urban | 1.01 | (0.98 to 1.04) | 1.01 | (0.98 to 1.05) | ||||
| Cohort | ||||||||
| 1980s (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 1990s | 1.00 | (0.93 to 1.07) | 1.00 | (0.93 to 1.07) | ||||
| Happiness | ||||||||
| Very happy (ref) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Pretty happy | 1.00 | (0.96 to 1.05) | ||||||
| Not happy | 1.03 | (0.97 to 1.10) | ||||||
| Missing | 1.15 | (0.99 to 1.34) | ||||||
| Self-rated health | ||||||||
| Excellent (ref) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Good | 1.13 | (1.06 to 1.20) | ||||||
| Fair | 1.31 | (1.21 to 1.42) | ||||||
| Poor | 1.70 | (1.60 to 1.81) | ||||||
| Missing | 1.17 | (1.12 to 1.23) | ||||||
Model 1 controls for sex, race, education, religious affiliation, age, household income and marital status.
Model 2 controls for sex, race, education, religious affiliation, age, household income, and marital status region, setting and cohort.
Model 3 controls for sex, race, education, religious affiliation, age, household income, and marital status region, setting, cohort, happiness and self-rated health.