Table 5. Comparisons of NK cell and activating NK cell between staff members living in urban and forest environments.
| NK cell (%) | Activating NK cell (%) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban | Forest | P | Urban | Forest | P | |||||||||||
| N | N = 110 | N = 90 | value | N = 110 | N = 90 | value | ||||||||||
| Crude value | 16.4 ± 8.4 | 19.5 ± 9.1 | 0.01 | 1.81 ± 2.85 | 1.55 ± 1.14 | 0.37 | ||||||||||
| Adjusted valuea | 16.7 ± 0.8 | 19.2 ± 0.9 | 0.03 | 1.83 ± 0.22 | 1.53 ± 0.24 | 0.35 | ||||||||||
| Age, years | ||||||||||||||||
| < 50 | 143 | 15.9 ± 7.7 | 17.4 ± 8.1 | 0.27 | 1.96 ± 3.17 | 1.5 ± 1.03 | 0.22 | |||||||||
| ≥ 50 | 57 | 18.4 ± 10.7 | 23.0 ± 9.7 | 0.10 | 1.28 ± 0.73 | 1.63 ± 1.31 | 0.21 | |||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||||||
| Female | 81 | 15.2 ± 8.5 | 16.7 ± 8.3 | 0.44 | 1.52 ± 2.47 | 1.57 ± 1.51 | 0.91 | |||||||||
| Male | 119 | 17.5 ± 8.3 | 20.9 ± 9.2 | 0.04 | 2.07 ± 3.14 | 1.54 ± 0.92 | 0.22 | |||||||||
| Body mass index (g/m2) | ||||||||||||||||
| < 25 | 131 | 16.4 ± 8.4 | 18.0 ± 8.6 | 0.29 | 1.63 ± 2.20 | 1.58 ± 1.27 | 0.88 | |||||||||
| ≥ 25 | 69 | 16.5 ± 8.7 | 21.6 ± 9.4 | 0.02 | 2.29 ± 4.07 | 1.50 ± 0.95 | 0.30 | |||||||||
| Hypertension (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 149 | 15.6 ± 7.5 | 18.4 ± 8.8 | 0.04 | 1.74 ± 2.72 | 1.57 ± 1.19 | 0.61 | |||||||||
| Yes | 51 | 18.8 ± 10.3 | 23.1 ± 9.2 | 0.13 | 2.02 ± 3.23 | 1.48 ± 1.01 | 0.41 | |||||||||
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | ||||||||||||||||
| < 50th | 100 | 14.7 ± 6.9 | 19.1 ± 9.0 | 0.01 | 1.33 ± 1.05 | 1.48 ± 0.88 | 0.44 | |||||||||
| ≥ 50th | 100 | 18.5 ± 9.6 | 19.8 ± 9.2 | 0.48 | 2.40 ± 4.01 | 1.60 ± 1.32 | 0.19 | |||||||||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | ||||||||||||||||
| < 100 | 167 | 16.8 ± 8.7 | 19.1 ± 9.4 | 0.11 | 1.87 ± 3.0 | 1.49 ± 1.14 | 0.26 | |||||||||
| ≥ 100 | 33 | 13.4 ± 5.5 | 20.9 ± 7.9 | 0.01 | 1.38 ± 0.97 | 1.74 ± 1.14 | 0.37 | |||||||||
| Smoking habit | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 146 | 17.2 ± 10.3 | 19.7 ± 9.0 | 0.33 | 2.57 ± 4.67 | 1.39 ± 0.77 | 0.24 | |||||||||
| No | 54 | 16.2 ± 7.9 | 19.4 ± 9.2 | 0.03 | 1.61 ± 1.16 | 1.63 ± 1.29 | 0.95 | |||||||||
| Alcohol habit | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 53 | 17.2 ± 8.7 | 21.2 ± 8.4 | 0.10 | 1.67 ± 1.07 | 1.48 ± 0.93 | 0.52 | |||||||||
| No | 147 | 16.3 ± 8.4 | 18.5 ± 9.4 | 0.13 | 1.85 ± 3.11 | 1.58 ± 1.25 | 0.48 | |||||||||
| Coffee | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 126 | 16.0 ± 8.4 | 18.3 ± 8.4 | 0.13 | 1.88 ± 3.32 | 1.62 ± 1.17 | 0.52 | |||||||||
| No | 74 | 17.4 ± 8.4 | 20.9 ± 9.8 | 0.12 | 16.5 ± 10.7 | 14.7 ± 11.2 | 0.48 | |||||||||
| Tea | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 148 | 16.4 ± 8.0 | 19.7 ± 8.6 | 0.02 | 1.98 ± 3.49 | 1.51 ± 1.0 | 0.28 | |||||||||
| No | 52 | 16.5 ± 9.1 | 18.1 ± 12.4 | 0.64 | 15.3 ± 11.5 | 18.2 ± 19.0 | 0.63 | |||||||||
a Regression model estimates adjusting for age and gender, and data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation in subgroup analyses.