Table 1:
Characteristics of children with and without diabetic ketoacidosis at the time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Characteristic | Group; no. (%) of participants* | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Study population | Without DKA | With DKA | ||
Population size | 3704 (100.0) | 2708 (73.1) | 996 (26.9) | |
Age, yr, mean ± SD | 10.1 ± 4.8 | 10.3 ± 4.9 | 9.3 ± 4.6 | < 0.001 |
Age, yr, by category | < 0.001 | |||
1–4 | 666 (18.0) | 476 (17.6) | 190 (19.1) | |
5–11 | 1403 (37.9) | 954 (35.2) | 449 (45.1) | |
12–17 | 1635 (44.1) | 1278 (47.2) | 357 (35.8) | |
Sex | 0.5 | |||
Male | 1944 (52.5) | 1412 (52.1) | 532 (53.4) | |
Female | 1760 (47.5) | 1296 (47.9) | 464 (46.6) | |
Socioeconomic status (social and material deprivation)† | 0.1 | |||
Least deprived | 1544 (43.0) | 1154 (44.0) | 390 (40.5) | |
Moderately deprived | 729 (20.3) | 531 (20.2) | 198 (20.5) | |
Most deprived | 1316 (36.7) | 940 (35.8) | 376 (39.0) | |
Rurality‡ | 0.04 | |||
Urban (population > 100 000) | 2438 (66.1) | 1787 (66.2) | 651 (65.7) | |
Small cities (population 10 000–100 000) | 477 (12.9) | 328 (12.2) | 149 (15.0) | |
Rural (population < 10 000) | 775 (21.0) | 584 (21.6) | 191 (19.3) | |
Usual provider of care | 0.004 | |||
None | 1527 (41.2) | 1073 (39.6) | 454 (45.6) | |
Family physician | 1437 (38.8) | 1084 (40.0) | 353 (35.4) | |
Pediatrician | 740 (20.0) | 551 (20.3) | 189 (19.0) |
Note: DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis, SD = standard deviation.
Except where indicated otherwise.
Missing socioeconomic status for 115 of the study population, consisting of 83 without and 32 with DKA. For this variable, social and material quintiles were combined into a 5 × 5 table, and the 25 combined categories were grouped into 3 categories: least deprived, moderately deprived and most deprived.
Missing rurality for 14 of the study population, consisting of 9 without and 5 with DKA.