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. 2018 Apr 9;190(14):E416–E421. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.170676

Table 1:

Characteristics of children with and without diabetic ketoacidosis at the time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Characteristic Group; no. (%) of participants* p value
Study population Without DKA With DKA
Population size 3704 (100.0) 2708 (73.1) 996 (26.9)
Age, yr, mean ± SD 10.1 ± 4.8 10.3 ± 4.9 9.3 ± 4.6 < 0.001
Age, yr, by category < 0.001
 1–4 666 (18.0) 476 (17.6) 190 (19.1)
 5–11 1403 (37.9) 954 (35.2) 449 (45.1)
 12–17 1635 (44.1) 1278 (47.2) 357 (35.8)
Sex 0.5
 Male 1944 (52.5) 1412 (52.1) 532 (53.4)
 Female 1760 (47.5) 1296 (47.9) 464 (46.6)
Socioeconomic status (social and material deprivation) 0.1
 Least deprived 1544 (43.0) 1154 (44.0) 390 (40.5)
 Moderately deprived 729 (20.3) 531 (20.2) 198 (20.5)
 Most deprived 1316 (36.7) 940 (35.8) 376 (39.0)
Rurality 0.04
 Urban (population > 100 000) 2438 (66.1) 1787 (66.2) 651 (65.7)
 Small cities (population 10 000–100 000) 477 (12.9) 328 (12.2) 149 (15.0)
 Rural (population < 10 000) 775 (21.0) 584 (21.6) 191 (19.3)
Usual provider of care 0.004
 None 1527 (41.2) 1073 (39.6) 454 (45.6)
 Family physician 1437 (38.8) 1084 (40.0) 353 (35.4)
 Pediatrician 740 (20.0) 551 (20.3) 189 (19.0)

Note: DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis, SD = standard deviation.

*

Except where indicated otherwise.

Missing socioeconomic status for 115 of the study population, consisting of 83 without and 32 with DKA. For this variable, social and material quintiles were combined into a 5 × 5 table, and the 25 combined categories were grouped into 3 categories: least deprived, moderately deprived and most deprived.

Missing rurality for 14 of the study population, consisting of 9 without and 5 with DKA.