Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants by treatment assignment
| Characteristica | Intensive lifestyle intervention (n = 33) | Metformin + standard care (n = 59) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 45.5 ± 12.3 | 44.9 ± 12.6 | 0.81 |
| Education, years | 10.2 ± 3.5 | 9.4 ± 3.7 | 0.32 |
| Household income, $ | 14,905 ± 7,518 | 15,875 ± 11,088 | 0.62 |
| Foreign born, n (%) | 30 (90.9) | 56 (94.9) | 0.66 |
| Weight, kg | 85.4 ± 23.0 | 78.9 ± 13.9 | 0.15 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 34.4 ± 7.9 | 32.7 ± 5.6 | 0.23 |
| Depression scoreb | 13.5 ± 9.9 | 11.2 ± 9.0 | 0.26 |
| Anxiety scorec | 4.7 ± 4.6 | 4.3 ± 4.4 | 0.65 |
| Perceived stress scored | 23.9 ± 7.7 | 22.0 ± 7.3 | 0.22 |
a
Data are presented as means ± SD except otherwise noted.
b
Beck Depression Inventory II is scored from 0 to 63, with higher numbers indicating more depressive symptoms.
c
GAD‐7 is scored from 0 to 21, with higher numbers indicating more anxiety symptoms.
d
Perceived Stress Scale is scored from 0 to 40, with higher numbers indicating higher levels of perceived stress.