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. 2018 Mar 22;9(2):253–274. doi: 10.1007/s13244-017-0584-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 7 — Signs of intervertebral disc degeneration: (a). The vacuum phenomenon. This sagittal CT reformatting image shows the foci of air within the L2–L3 and L3–L4 discs (arrows). (b) Intradiscal fluid accumulation (arrow). (c) A sagittal reformatting CT image at the level of C3–C4 shows disc calcification (arrow)