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. 2018 Apr 10;9:1373. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03714-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Functional profiling demonstrates NKX2-5^−/− cardiomyocytes have perturbed electrophysiology and reduced contractile force. a Representative graphs showing co-ordination of calcium flux in day 17 cardiomyocyte monolayers derived from NKX2-5^eGFP/w and NKX2-5^−/− hESCs as detected by Fluo4-AM. b Bar graph quantifying demonstrating analysis of correlation between calcium imaging signals as derived in a. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 6). ** p < 0.01 (Student’s t-test). c Bar graphs quantifying calcium amplitude (as a ratio of max to min calcium concentration) during contraction of NKX2-5^eGFP/w and NKX2-5^−/− monolayers at day 14 of differentiation. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 6). ** p < 0.01 (Student’s t-test). d Representative traces of MEA extracellular field potentials of cardiomyocyte aggregates derived from NKX2-5^eGFP/w and NKX2-5^−/− cultures at day 14 of differentiation (arrowheads represent start and end of field potential). e Bar graph demonstrating NKX2-5^eGFP/w and NKX2-5^−/− cardiomyocyte aggregates have similar rates of contraction at day 14 of differentiation, as determined by MEA. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 13). f Dot plots of field potential duration (FPD) of cardiomyocyte aggregates, as derived in d. NKX2-5 null cardiomyocyte aggregates have a prolonged FPD, which is maintained until day 42 of differentiation (Supplementary Fig. 2a). Bars represent mean ± SD (n = 20). *** p < 0.001 (Student’s t-test). g Bar graphs demonstrating NKX2-5 null cardiomyocyte aggregates at day 14 of differentiation have an impaired chronotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation with isoprenaline, as determined by MEA. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 13). *** p < 0.001 (Student’s t-test). h Representative graph of contraction force generated during a single contraction by NKX2-5^eGFP/w and NKX2-5^−/− bioengineered cardiac organoids (see Supplementary Fig. 2f for quantitation). i Transmission electron micrographs show that NKX2-5 null cardiomyocytes have disorganized sarcomeres compared to NKX2-5^eGFP/w cardiomyocytes (see also Supplementary Fig. 2g). Scale bar = 1 μM