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. 2018 Apr 10;9:1376. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03832-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — PHR1-dependent activation of NIGT1-clade genes. a Effects of P starvation on the expression of NIGT1-clade genes and NRT2.1 in roots of Arabidopsis Col and phr1 phl1 double mutant. Roots of Arabidopsis plants that were grown hydroponically under P-sufficient (+P) or P-starved (−P) conditions for 5 days were used for RT-qPCR analysis. IPS1 is a positive control for P starvation. Values are normalised with expression levels of PEX4, and means of biological triplicates with s.d. are shown. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 by two-tailed t-test compared with corresponding Col values. b Transactivation of NIGT1 promoters by PHR1. A reporter plasmid containing 1 kb promoter fragments of NIGT1-clade genes fused to the LUC gene was co-transfected into protoplasts with the PHR1 expression vector or an empty vector (none) and the UBQ10-GUS plasmid. c Identification of sites mediating PHR1 regulation and autoregulation in the NIGT1.1 promoter. Transactivation of wild-type and mutated NIGT1.1 promoters by PHR1 and repression by NIGT1.1 were analysed by co-transfection assays. The horizontal line indicates the 1 kb NIGT1.1 promoter. Vertical black and red lines indicate the P1BS sequences and the conserved NIGT1 sites, respectively. Mutated sites are indicated with blue X. d Competitive regulation of the NIGT1-clade gene promoters by PHR1 and NIGT1. Expression vectors for PHR1 and NIGT1.1 were co-transfected into protoplasts at different ratios, together with the LUC reporter gene under the control of the NIGT1.1 or NIGT1.3 promoter. In b−d, relative LUC activity is given as mean ± s.d. of three biological replicates. e Binding of PHR1 to the NIGT1-clade gene promoters in vivo. Two different regions from each NIGT1-clade gene promoter were amplified in a ChIP assay of transgenic plants expressing MYC-tagged PHR1 cultured under the P-starved condition. The IPS1 promoter is a known target of PHR1 and is used as a positive control, and PP2A is a negative control. Data are means of three biological samples and shown with s.d. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 by one-tailed paired t-test compared with corresponding control (no antibody) values