Table 4.
Generalized estimating equation analyses for primary and secondary outcomes (continuous variables).
| Outcomes | Group | Estimated marginal means (SE) |
Group effect | Time × group interaction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 1–4 | Week 5–8 | Week 9–12 | Week 13–16 | β (95%CI) | |||
| Treatment attendance | EBC | – | 20.11 (0.920) | 22.41 (0.718) | 22.25 (0.820) | 22.13 (0.833) | 3.089 (0.436–5.741) | wald = 2.475, P = 0.480 |
| TAU | – | 18.71 (0.905) | 19.72 (0.928) | 19.84 (1.032) | 19.04 (1.066) | wald = 5.208, P = 0.022* | ||
| Total scores | EBC | 8.39 (0.302) | 10.75 (0.317) | 10.87 (0.298) | 11.26 (0.317) | 11.6 (0.331) | 2.294 (1.217–3.371) | wald = 26.829, P < 0.001** |
| TAU | 8.09 (0.328) | 8.84 (0.332) | 9.4 (0.312) | 9.18 (0.441) | 9.31 (0.438) | wald = 17.426, P < 0.001** | ||
| Subscore1 | EBC | 1.36 (0.135) | 2.46 (0.164) | 2.36 (0.144) | 2.42 (0.161) | 2.70 (0.161) | 1.341 (0.880–1.802) | wald = 19.986, P = 0.001** |
| TAU | 0.85 (0.113) | 1.04 (0.126) | 1.27 (0.142) | 1.33 (0.170) | 1.36 (0.171) | wald = 19.986, P = 0.001** | ||
| Subscore2 | EBC | 3.98 (0.195) | 4.79 (0.163) | 4.96 (0.143) | 5.21 (0.159) | 5.17 (0.170) | 0.884 (0.262–1.506) | wald = 9.632, P = 0.047* |
| TAU | 3.89 (0.195) | 4.18 (0.230) | 4.51 (0.194) | 4.33 (0.254) | 4.29 (0.268) | wald = 7.758, P = 0.005** | ||
| Subscore3 | EBC | 3.05 (0.135) | 3.50 (0.101) | 3.55 (0.113) | 3.64 (0.104) | 3.74 (0.100) | 0.069 (−0.264 to 0.403) | wald = 5.738, P = 0.220 |
| TAU | 3.35 (0.132) | 3.62 (0.087) | 3.62 (0.101) | 3.51 (0.142) | 3.67 (0.137) | wald = 0.165, P = 0.684 | ||
CI, confidence interval; TAU, treatment as usual; EBC, educational and behavioral counseling; Subscore1, score of knowledge related to heroin addiction; Subscore2, score of knowledge related to methadone maintenance treatment; Subscore3, score of knowledge related to HIV/AIDS.
*P < 0.05.
**P < 0.01.