Table 1.
Study design and clinical characteristics of included studies
| Source | Study design, location, years | Number of participants | Main inclusion criteria | Mean age (Years) | Male (%) | Mean BMI (kg/m2) | Mean AHI (events/h) | Mean ESS (points) | OSA assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milleron et al., 2004 [7] | Prospective cohort, single-center in France, 1991–1999 | 54 | AHI ≥ 15 | 57.3 | 98.1 | 28.3 | 31.2 | NR | Polysomnography |
| Cassar et al., 2007 [8] | Retrospective cohort, single-center in US, 1992–2004 | 371 | AHI ≥ 15 | 64.0 | 87.6 | 34.1 | 44.2 | NR | Polysomnography |
| Garcia-Rio et al., 2013 [9] | Prospective cohort, single-center in Spain, 2003–2005 | 123 | AHI ≥ 5 | 58.0 | 86.2 | 27.3 | 21.7 | 8.5 | Polysomnography |
| Capodanno et al., 2014 [10] | Prospective cohort, single-center in Italy, 2008 | 129 | AHI ≥ 15 | 68.3 | 80.6 | 27.3 | 22.4 | 7 | Portable diagnostic device |
| Nakashima et al., 2015 [11] | Prospective cohort, single-center in Japan, 2003–2009 | 95 | AHI ≥ 20 | 71.0a | 77.0a | NR | NR | NR | Polysomnography |
| Wu et al., 2015 [12] | Retrospective cohort, single-center in China, 2002–2012 | 295 | AHI ≥ 15 | 55.1 | 84.4 | 29.7 | 42.8 | NR | Polysomnography 72.1%, Portable diagnostic device 27.9% |
| Leão et al., 2016 [13] | Prospective cohort, single-center in Portugal, NR | 46 | AHI ≥ 5 | 63.5 | 82.6 | 27.8 | 30.6 | 8.8 | Portable diagnostic device |
| Huang et al., 2015 [14] | RCT, parallel, single-center in China, 2009–2012 | 73 | AHI ≥ 15, ESS < 15 | 62.4 | 82.2 | 27.7 | 28.5 | 8.8 | Polysomnography |
| Peker et al., 2016 [15] | RCT, parallel, single-center in Sweden, 2005–2010 | 244 | AHI ≥ 15, ESS < 10 | 66.0 | 84.1 | 28.5 | 28.8 | 5.5 | Polysomnography |
AHI apnea-hypopnea index, BMI body mass index, ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale, NR not reported, OSA obstructive sleep apnea, RCT randomized controlled trial
aIndicate values in patients with AHI ≥ 15