. 2018 Apr 10;18:63. doi: 10.1186/s12903-018-0524-4

Table 1.

Characteristics and periodontal parameters of participants

	Control	CP	T2DM	CP + T2DM	P-value
Age (in years, Mean ± SD)	52.45 ± 10.01	58.09 ± 9.97	56.45 ± 11.80	62.82 ± 10.72	0.017^a*
Gender, % (n)
Males	64% (14)	73% (16)	68% (15)	77% (17)	0.779^b
Females	36% (8)	27% (6)	32% (7)	23% (5)	0.779^b
FBG (mg/dL, Mean ± SD)	5.26 ± 0.55	5.27 ± 0.56	8.09 ± 2.22	7.64 ± 2.32	< 0.001^a*
BMI (Mean ± SD)	24.43 ± 2.33	25.85 ± 3.51	25.48 ± 3.45	25.00 ± 2.34	0.471^a
TG (mmol/L, Mean ± SD)	1.95 ± 0.89	2.82 ± 4.66	2.27 ± 1.59	1.90 ± 1.14	0.435^a
CHOL (mmol/L, Mean ± SD)	5.00 ± 1.08	4.62 ± 0.85	4.44 ± 1.02	4.47 ± 1.18	0.284^a
HDL (mmol/L, Median (IQR))	1.17 (1.03, 1.51)	1.10 (0.93, 1.18)	1.10 (0.97, 1.35)	1.17 (0.94, 1.23)	0.511^c
LDL (mmol/L, Mean ± SD)	2.88 ± 0.72	2.61 ± 0.82	2.52 ± 0.78	2.59 ± 1.03	0.523^a
ALT (u/L, Median(IQR))	20.00 (14.03, 29.28)	20.50 (13.10, 26.10)	20.80 (15.33, 29.65)	20.55 (15.55, 25.30)	0.992^c
AST (u/L, Mean ± SD)	21.87 ± 4.95	22.29 ± 7.62	21.00 ± 6.43	22.40 ± 6.33	0.887^a
PD (Mean ± SD)	2.00 ± 0.71	2.80 ± 0.45	2.00 ± 0.65	3.02 ± 0.27	< 0.001^c*
CAL (Mean ± SD)	0.08 ± 0.20	3.04 ± 0.32	0.26 ± 0.34	4.07 ± 0.17	< 0.001^c*
BI (Mean ± SD)	0.18 ± 0.54	1.55 ± 0.64	0.37 ± 0.59	1.82 ± 0.47	< 0.001^c*
PI (Mean ± SD)	1.00 ± 0.48	2.23 ± 0.55	1.28 ± 0.57	2.61 ± 0.29	< 0.001^c*

T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, CP chronic periodontitis, CP + T2DM chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, FBG fasting blood glucose, BMI body mass index, TG triglyceride, CHOL cholesterol, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase, PD probing pocket depth, CAL clinical attachment loss, PI plaque index, BI bleeding index

P₁: Control vs CP; P₂: Control vs T2DM + CP; P₃: CP vs T2DM; P₄: T2DM vs T2DM + CP

^aAnalysis of variance (ANOVA)

^bChi-square test

^cKruskal-Wallis test

^*Significantly different P < 0.05