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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 11.
Published in final edited form as: Metabolism. 2014 Jul 9;63(10):1287–1295. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.07.001

Table 4.

Linear regression of baseline plasma ceramides on peak study AER values.

Sphingolipid species Design adjusted a
Covariate adjusted b
Beta (SE) P value Beta (SE) P value
Sphingosine −0.027 (0.066)   0.687 −0.007 (0.061) 0.909
dh-Sphingosine −0.034 (0.066)   0.606 −0.018 (0.062) 0.774
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate   0.021 (0.066)   0.749   0.008 (0.062) 0.892
dh-Sphingosine 1-Phosphate   0.014 (0.066)   0.835   0.019 (0.062) 0.754
dh-C16 Ceramide −0.103 (0.067)   0.121 −0.108 (0.064) 0.094
Long chain ceramide species
 C14 −0.056 (0.066)   0.393 −0.047 (0.062) 0.454
 C16 −0.177 (0.066)   0.008 −0.143 (0.062) 0.021
 C18 −0.162 (0.066)   0.014 −0.114 (0.064) 0.073
 C18:1 −0.177 (0.066)   0.007 −0.010 (0.063) 0.115
Very long chain ceramide species
 C20 −0.226 (0.066) <0.001 −0.206 (0.063) 0.001
 C20:1 −0.237 (0.065) <0.001 −0.163 (0.064) 0.011
 C22 −0.070 (0.066)   0.288 −0.100 (0.063) 0.115
 C22:1 −0.201 (0.066)   0.002 −0.163 (0.063) 0.010
 C24 −0.146 (0.066)   0.027 −0.163 (0.062) 0.009
 C24:1 −0.169 (0.066)   0.011 −0.113 (0.063) 0.074
 C26 −0.192 (0.066)   0.004 −0.185 (0.061) 0.003
 C26:1 −0.233 (0.065) <0.001 −0.182 (0.062) 0.003

Peak study AER is transformed using the natural logarithm, individual ceramides were natural logarithm transformed prior to standardization.

Italicized bold numbers indicate p < 0.05.

Abbreviations used are same as Table 2.

a

Design adjusted models contain standardized Marker level, DCCT treatment group assignment, baseline AER measure and treatment with ACE/ARB drugs during study period.

b

Covariate adjusted models contain standardized biomarker level, DCCT Treatment Group, baseline retinopathy status, use of ACE/ARB drugs during study period, gender, and baseline measures of duration of T1DM, age, HbA1c %, BMI, triglyceride levels, and AER.