Table 3.

Effect of the Duplication on Global Intelligence and Anthropometric Measures

							z Score

	FSIQ (n = 253)		NVIQ (n = 251)		VIQ (n = 223)		BMI (n = 351)		HC (n = 314)

Comparison^a	Estimate	P Value^b	Estimate	P Value^b	Estimate	P Value^b	Estimate	P Value^b	Estimate	P Value^b
Fixed effects parameters

Intercept	97.5	<.001	99.9	<.001	98.3	<.001	0.4	.07	0.5	.06

Proband carrier vs noncarrier	−26.3	<.001	−26.7	<.001	−24.4	<.001	−0.6	.004	−1.2	<.001

Pediatric carrier relative vs noncarrier	−16.2	.001	−16.6	<.001	−15.6	.005	−0.6	.09	−1.1	.002

Adult carrier relative vs noncarrier	−11.4	<.001	−14.8	<.001	−6.0	.13	−0.5	.01	−1.2	<.001

European vs US cohort	−13.3	.001	−14.0	<.001	−8.4	.11	−0.7	<.001	−0.4	.06

Age, y	0.3	<.001	0.3	<.001	0.1	.05	0.02	.001	−0.001	.86

Female vs male	−1.5	.42	−4.1	.04	0.6	.78	−0.1	.69	−0.2	.25

Additional contrasts

Carriera vs noncarrier	−18.0	<.001	−19.3	<.001	−15.3	<.001	−0.6	.003	−1.1	<.001

Proband carrier vs pediatric carrier relative	−10.1	.02	−10.1	.01	−8.8	.08	−0.01	.98	−0.1	.73

Proband carrier vs adult carrier relative	−14.9	<.001	−11.9	.001	−18.4	<.001	−0.03	.87	0.1	.75

Pediatric vs adult carrier relative	−4.8	.33	−1.8	.71	−9.6	.11	−0.03	.94	0.02	.96

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FSIQ, Full-Scale IQ; HC, head circumference; NVIQ, Nonverbal IQ; VIQ, Verbal IQ.

Carriers include proband carriers (individuals ascertained for a neurodevelopmental disorder), pediatric carrier relatives (mostly siblings of the probands), and adult carrier relatives (mostly transmitting parents).

Linear mixed model analysis was used to estimate the effect of duplication on FSIQ, NVIQ, VIQ, BMI z score, and HC z score.