Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of patients
| Characteristics | Overall N=3,633 |
0–2 n=2,970 |
3–5 n=610 |
6–8 n=53 |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 61.5±11.7 | 59.6±10.7 | 69.9±12.0 | 73.2±12.4 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 2,625 (72.3) | 2,211 (74.4) | 378 (62.0) | 36 (67.9) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 1,091 (30.0) | 465 (15.7) | 103 (16.9) | 9 (17.0) | <0.001 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 349 (9.6) | 245 (8.2) | 93 (15.2) | 11 (20.8) | <0.001 |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 447 (12.3) | 329 (11.1) | 104 (17.0) | 14 (26.4) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2,373 (65.3) | 1,791 (60.3) | 533 (87.4) | 49 (92.5) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 1,126 (31.0) | 961 (32.4) | 158 (25.9) | 7 (13.2) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 1,163 (32.0) | 794 (26.7) | 329 (53.9) | 40 (75.5) | <0.001 |
| COPD, n (%) | 85 (2.3) | 50 (1.7) | 30 (4.9) | 5 (9.4) | <0.001 |
| AF, n (%) | 106 (2.9) | 66 (2.2) | 35 (5.7) | 5 (9.4) | <0.001 |
| Previous PCI, n (%) | 903 (24.9) | 702 (23.6) | 176 (28.9) | 25 (47.2) | <0.001 |
| Previous CABG, n (%) | 106 (2.9) | 73 (2.5) | 32 (5.2) | 1 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 135.2±22.0 | 134.3±21.9 | 139.0±22.3 | 142.8±23.0 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 75.8±16.6 | 76.2±17.3 | 74.0±12.6 | 72.3±13.8 | 0.004 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.6±3.4 | 25.7±3.4 | 25.1±3.6 | 25.9±3.3 | <0.001 |
| ABI | 1.1±0.2 | 1.1±0.2 | 1.1±0.2 | 0.9±0.3 | 0.087 |
| LVEF, % | 56.5±8.4 | 57.5±7.4 | 52.3±10.5 | 44.5±9.4 | <0.001 |
| TC, mg/dL | 4.0±1.1 | 4.0±1.1 | 4.0±1.1 | 3.8±1.3 | 0.209 |
| TG, mg/dL | 1.6±1.0 | 1.6±0.9 | 1.6±1.0 | 1.5±0.8 | 0.384 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 1.1±0.3 | 1.1±0.3 | 1.1±0.3 | 1.0±0.3 | 0.596 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 2.4±0.9 | 2.4±0.9 | 2.4±0.9 | 2.2±1.0 | 0.159 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 7.0±4.8 | 6.8±4.5 | 7.8±5.9 | 7.9±3.5 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 86.1±67.9 | 76.1±34.1 | 128.7±132.6 | 156.3±131.1 | <0.001 |
| Multivessel disease, n (%) | 2,229 (61.4) | 1,807 (60.8) | 390 (63.9) | 32 (60.4) | 0.356 |
| CAD type, n (%) | |||||
| SA | 907 (25.0) | 786 (26.5) | 113 (18.5) | 8 (15.1) | <0.001 |
| UA | 2,297 (63.2) | 1,857 (62.5) | 405 (66.4) | 35 (66.0) | |
| STEMI | 125 (3.4) | 88 (3.0) | 35 (5.7) | 2 (3.8) | |
| NSTEMI | 304 (8.4) | 239 (8.0) | 57 (9.3) | 8 (15.1) | |
| Medication, n (%) | |||||
| Aspirin | 3,398 (93.5) | 2,825 (95.1) | 526 (86.2) | 47 (88.7) | <0.001 |
| Clopidogrel | 2,979 (82.0) | 2,441 (82.2) | 495 (81.3) | 43 (81.1) | 0.856 |
| ACEI | 1,540 (42.4) | 1,199 (40.4) | 309 (50.7) | 32 (60.4) | <0.001 |
| Statin | 3,431 (94.5) | 2,830 (95.3) | 555 (91.1) | 46 (86.8) | <0.001 |
| Beta blocker | 2,627 (72.5) | 2,134 (72.0) | 455 (74.7) | 38 (71.7) | 0.403 |
Notes: Data are presented as mean±SD or n (%). R2CHADS2, renal dysfunction, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, and stroke/transient ischemic attack.
Abbreviations: ABI, ankle brachial index; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low- density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SA, stable angina; SBP, systolic blood pressure; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; UA, unstable angina.