. 2018 Mar 31;23(1):35–45. doi: 10.3746/pnf.2018.23.1.35

Table 2.

The main phenolic compounds and their contents of selected berries (unit: μg/100 g dry weight)

Phenolics	Free	Esterified	Insoluble-bound
Raspberry
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid	ND	ND	ND
Gallic acid	ND	10.64±0.58^B	51.95±3.43^A
Chlorogenic acid	ND	18.90±0.25^B	701.07±37.55^A
Catechin	107.86±4.32^C	657.72±4.68^A	189.66±7.09^B
Caffeic acid	139.95±1.05^C	766.47±10.05^A	636.23±24.01^B
p-Coumaric acid	66.11±1.51^C	5,518.41±168.49^B	10,597.95±101.55^A
Epicatechin	168.97±2.63^C	10,838.60±145.40^A	9,561.10±123.49^B
Epigallocatechin gallate	ND	250.09±3.64^A	186.61±9.27^B
Ferulic acid	467.26±7.87^A	5.18±0.43^C	66.15±4.29^B
m-Coumaric acid	339.71±3.90^C	6,281.16±31.04^B	9,369.64±180.92^A
o-Coumaric acid	ND	ND	48.02±6.01
Vanillic acid	18.66±0.83^C	703.40±31.31^A	376.55±26.26^B
Quercitrin	939.21±8.28^A	30.93±0.22^C	146.99±5.03^B
Myricetin	11.89±0.33^B	ND	39.15±1.32^A
Resveratrol	237.19±1.63^A	53.89±0.06^C	72.25±1.34^B
Morin	407.38±2.26^B	1,006.23±3.74^A	173.46±2.28^C
Quercetin	1.86±0.08^C	7.79±0.26^B	17.43±1.08^A
Naringenin	14.06±0.30^B	9.34±0.28^C	38.24±2.46^A
Apigenin	40.59±0.39^B	12.65±0.17^C	103.88±1.95^A
Kaempferol	ND	ND	3,121.59±31.77
Total	2,960.71±21.97^C	26,171.39±80.97^B	35,497.91±227.42^A
Blackcurrant
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid	575.37±2.17^A	495.47±6.69^B	ND
Gallic acid	51.13±1.83^B	27.74±4.36^C	66.98±2.39^A
Chlorogenic acid	382.59±40.76^A	37.13±4.04^C	173.18±1.04^B
Catechin	626.05±15.14^C	1,565.89±10.51^A	1,216.04±4.90^B
Caffeic acid	167.01±14.08^C	1,546.96±48.97^A	774.27±12.39^B
p-Coumaric acid	474.76±21.44^A	299.85±14.93^B	168.97±15.28^C
Epicatechin	194.24±2.66^B	152.97±2.43^C	236.56±6.52^A
Epigallocatechin gallate	16.17±1.03^C	2,216.32±43.98^A	1,269.71±29.88^B
Ferulic acid	ND	222.47±2.54^B	283.20±13.66^A
m-Coumaric acid	ND	ND	ND
o-Coumaric acid	29.88±1.48	ND	ND
Vanillic acid	1,102.24±21.19^A	14.95±1.50^C	696.85±9.63^B
Quercitrin	155.97±2.00^A	164.02±8.93^A	91.07±7.34^B
Myricetin	20.44±0.95^A	3.68±0.48^B	ND
Resveratrol	55.59±2.15^C	88.22±3.78^B	151.87±6.04^A
Morin	11.50±0.95^C	45.00±2.76^A	24.74±1.47^B
Quercetin	ND	2.28±0.21^B	3.91±0.16^A
Naringenin	27.66±0.84^A	9.31±0.36^C	22.98±0.66^B
Apigenin	28.88±1.75^B	18.59±1.04^C	80.89±2.57^A
Kaempferol	ND	ND	11,466.97±149.81
Total	3,919.47±38.51^C	6,910.83±31.69^B	16,728.16±140.56^A
Blackberry
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid	685.01±2.16	ND	ND
Gallic acid	163.39±3.27^A	21.11±2.80^B	ND
Chlorogenic acid	ND	ND	63.24±17.81
Catechin	4,150.90±183.57^A	2,364.52±28.53^B	1,708.61±43.24^C
Caffeic acid	1,296.79±54.11^C	2,526.80±10.2^A	1,587.30±15.06^B
p-Coumaric acid	10,491.54±152.65^A	1,560.84±101.78^C	3,254.54±102.45^B
Epicatechin	176.51±6.80^C	2,418.42±33.17^B	5,023.41±55.78^A
Epigallocatechin gallate	226.39±13.44^C	2,114.32±12.47^A	1,155.83±18.02^B
Ferulic acid	179.18±5.16^A	92.94±7.98^C	127.75±4.09^B
m-Coumaric acid	363.10±32.54^C	7,046.05±334.46^A	5,686.20±213.23^B
o-Coumaric acid	191.08±2.22	ND	ND
Vanillic acid	432.90±19.20^C	519.66±47.92^B	693.35±21.43^A
Quercitrin	129.25±13.30^C	868.90±15.50^A	307.57±41.50^B
Myricetin	6.62±0.59^B	4.33±0.44^B	25.07±5.84^A
Resveratrol	228.89±8.16^A	104.14±0.41^C	181.59±2.68^B
Morin	98.40±0.33^B	257.49±2.61^A	86.27±7.29^C
Quercetin	8.12±0.94^B	3.81±0.26^C	24.42±0.50^A
Naringenin	20.63±0.68^A	13.05±0.38^B	13.59±0.60^B
Apigenin	88.09±1.54^A	9.72±0.88^C	49.94±5.21^B
Kaempferol	ND	ND	249.48±14.83
Total	18,936.78±101.81^C	19,926.11±273.06^B	20,238.14±272.13^A
Cranberry
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid	435.41±0.06^A	415.26±0.21^B	413.64±5.47^B
Gallic acid	ND	27.03±1.10	ND
Chlorogenic acid	ND	41.95±1.12^B	1,134.36±25.22^A
Catechin	1,982.41±5.05^A	294.40±14.87^C	676.34±20.34^B
Caffeic acid	651.92±9.54^B	37.71±20.65^B	1,523.64±56.92^A
p-Coumaric acid	94.01±2.99^C	228.38±6.42^B	1,051.06±54.95^A
Epicatechin	1,343.81±9.28^A	26.32±1.90^C	1,140.79±9.24^B
Epigallocatechin gallate	373.38±11.62^C	4,001.21±54.26^B	4,870.57±82.50^A
Ferulic acid	129.23±5.43^C	350.46±9.39^B	444.71±30.91^A
m-Coumaric acid	110.14±8.30^A	24.70±0.96^B	ND
o-Coumaric acid	39.66±1.01^C	57.96±1.04^B	368.49±14.95^A
Vanillic acid	584.78±13.69^B	119.20±1.93^C	1,626.01±55.84^A
Quercitrin	97.87±0.91^B	75.58±1.41^C	366.36±11.65^A
Myricetin	113.93±5.39^A	7.27±0.84^B	ND
Resveratrol	233.78±1.58^A	79.29±1.96^C	87.10±3.22^B
Morin	1,047.81±15.70^A	912.02±9.24^B	434.03±10.79^C
Quercetin	5.06±0.17^C	24.57±0.15^A	22.88±0.50^B
Naringenin	17.25±0.28^B	23.01±3.39^A	10.11±0.38^C
Apigenin	29.60±0.38^A	7.18±0.08^C	19.73±1.22^B
Kaempferol	ND	ND	1,962.86±93.33
Total	7,290.03±25.27^B	7,353.50±112.99^B	16,152.67±133.48^A
Black chokeberry
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid	424.40±7.33	ND	ND
Gallic acid	289.27±17.13^A	211.19±16.94^B	ND
Chlorogenic acid	1,707.39±21.75^C	4,896.15±131.98^B	13,253.03±579.46^A
Catechin	10,985.48±80.44^A	5,288.70±497.19^B	4,391.78±339.28^C
Caffeic acid	235.20±4.32^C	2,603.96±401.22^B	11,818.82±177.50^A
p-Coumaric acid	1,576.64±85.08^B	1,718.38±19.09^A	796.57±94.40^C
Epicatechin	30.28±6.07^C	1,760.75±77.11^A	518.93±10.51^B
Epigallocatechin gallate	ND	2,348.95±23.43^A	1,426.52±23.86^B
Ferulic acid	ND	1,212.88±23.81^A	539.83±12.67^B
m-Coumaric acid	73.17±4.83	ND	ND
o-Coumaric acid	12.99±0.72^B	29.56±4.65^A	ND
Vanillic acid	325.76±33.36^B	1,152.81±91.05^A	21.62±3.09^C
Quercitrin	603.76±15.18^B	9,754.80±176.79^A	215.68±12.90^C
Myricetin	38.79±0.15^B	151.35±3.72^A	28.36±1.33^C
Resveratrol	246.32±1.88^A	92.23±1.22^B	95.13±5.38^B
Morin	177.90±9.91^C	1,386.48±5.57^A	530.75±27.82^B
Quercetin	5.80±0.55^B	1.77±0.10^C	14.94±1.69^A
Naringenin	18.28±1.23^A	18.82±0.88^A	19.51±1.67^A
Apigenin	13.82±0.35^B	15.30±0.59^B	912.63±17.98^A
Kaempferol	ND	ND	501.35±29.62
Total	16,765.25±197.45^C	32,644.08±716.22^B	34,952.25±477.52^A
Blueberry
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid	454.35±5.38^A	ND	421.76±0.79^B
Gallic acid	ND	ND	ND
Chlorogenic acid	ND	29.56±1.97^B	156.06±1.92^A
Catechin	12,072.87±189.74^A	10,615.92±436.88^B	6,970.62±109.02^C
Caffeic acid	286.52±19.74^C	1,804.70±90.11^B	6,680.09±115.81^A
p-Coumaric acid	2,170.81±320.36^C	10,598.66±145.29^A	3,311.30±78.62^B
Epicatechin	334.77±28.30^B	71.19±5.62^C	366.69±19.32^A
Epigallocatechin gallate	ND	709.56±21.56^B	759.16±22.42^A
Ferulic acid	4.42±0.52^C	302.70±3.74^A	248.16±11.52^B
m-Coumaric acid	ND	102.42±12.89	ND
o-Coumaric acid	458.18±18.26^A	122.62±8.67^B	ND
Vanillic acid	571.09±31.64^C	3,261.67±9.81^A	975.37±9.15^B
Quercitrin	344.30±11.18^A	111.68±4.28^B	112.45±2.28^B
Myricetin	69.87±2.43^A	34.62±0.80^A	54.48±52.93^A
Resveratrol	147.73±4.35^A	98.74±2.99^B	148.60±17.82^A
Morin	45.26±1.13^C	403.05±40.44^B	841.43±2.61^A
Quercetin	50.03±0.31^A	28.29±1.95^C	31.71±0.83^B
Naringenin	24.62±0.70^A	17.02±1.52^B	15.93±0.75^B
Apigenin	8.45±0.15^C	10.02±0.25^B	14.64±1.42^A
Kaempferol	ND	ND	2,995.57±263.63
Total	17,043.27±565.13^C	28,322.43±489.79^A	24,104.01±372.49^B

Data represent the mean value for each sample±standard deviation (n=5).

Different letters (A–C) within a row indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.

ND, not detected.