Table 2.
Echocardiographic characteristics according to HFpEF status
| Characteristics | No HFpEF N (%) 2754 (90.7) |
Baseline HFpEF N (%) 123 (4.5) |
Incident HFpEF N (%) 161 (5.8) |
Any HFpEF N (%) 284 (9.3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline echocardiogram—median (Q1–Q3), N (%) values reported | ||||
| Posterior LV wall thickness, diastole (cm) | 0.82 (0.74–0.91) | 0.86 (0.78–0.96)** | 0.87 (0.80–0.98)*** | 0.87 (0.79–0.97)*** |
| 1839 (67) | 73 (59) | 113 (70) | 186 (65) | |
| Calculated LV mass (g) | 135 (112–164) | 174 (129–210)*** | 156 (130–200)*** | 160 (129–205)*** |
| 1839 (75) | 73 (59) | 113 (70) | 186 (65) | |
| LV mass/body surface area (g/m2) | 79 (67–93) | 98 (73–122)*** | 90 (78–111)*** | 90 (75–115)*** |
| 1836 (67) | 73 (59) | 112 (70) | 185 (65) | |
| Left atrial dimension, M mode (cm) | 3.8 (3.4–4.2) | 4.4 (3.8–5.1)*** | 4.1 (3.7–4.6)*** | 4.2 (3.7–4.8)*** |
| 2657 (96) | 119 (97) | 155 (96) | 274 (96) | |
| Mitral inflow E wave velocity (cm/s) | 69 (59–80) | 77.5 (59–89)** | 75 (61–91)*** | 75 (61–90)*** |
| 2669 (97) | 116 (94) | 155 (96) | 271 (95) | |
| Mitral inflow A wave velocity (cm/s) | 77 (65–90) | 79 (52–94) | 85 (65.5–101.5)** | 83 (61–99) |
| 2668 (97) | 116 (94) | 155 (96) | 271 (95) | |
| E wave/A wave ratio, N (%) | *** | ** | *** | |
| 1–1.5 | 764 (29) | 27 (23) | 32 (21) | 59 (22) |
| <1 | 1781 (67) | 65 (56) | 109 (70) | 174 (64) |
| >1.5 | 123 (5) | 24 (21) | 14 (9) | 38 (14) |
| Circumferential LV ESS (g/cm2) | 57 (44–75) | 57 (44–75)** | 61 (43–78) | 65 (44–81)** |
| 1826 (66) | 73 (59) | 113 (70) | 186 (65) | |
| Year 7 echocardiogram—median (Q1–Q3), N (%) values reported | ||||
| Posterior LV wall thickness, diastole (cm) | 0.87 (0.79–0.96) | 0.93 (0.80–0.96) | 0.93 (0.93–1.04)*** | 0.93 (0.92–1.03)*** |
| 1307 (47) | 30 (24) | 110 (68) | 140 (49) | |
| LV mass (g) | 137 (112–167) | 172 (138–220)*** | 162 (136–205)*** | 163 (137–211)*** |
| 1306 (47) | 30 (24) | 110 (68) | 140 (49) | |
| LV mass/body surface area (g/m2) | 77 (65–93) | 98 (83–123)*** | 92 (79–109)*** | 92 (79–113)*** |
| 1293 (47) | 30 (24) | 109 (68) | 139 (49) | |
| Left atrial dimension, M mode (cm) | 3.9 (3.5–4.3) | 4.2 (3.7–4.9)** | 4.3 (3.9–5.0)*** | 4.3 (3.9–5.0)*** |
| 1800 (65) | 42 (34) | 157 (98) | 199 (70) | |
| Mitral inflow E wave velocity (cm/s) | 69 (58–80) | 76 (65–93)** | 76 (63–92)*** | 76 (64–92)*** |
| 1792 (65) | 39 (32) | 148 (92) | 187 (66) | |
| Mitral inflow A wave velocity (cm/s) | 79 (66–92) | 82 (76–91) | 86 (71–107)*** | 85 (71–102)*** |
| 1763 (64) | 35 (28) | 132 (82) | 167 (59) | |
| E wave/A wave ratio | *** | ** | ||
| 1–1.5 | 459 (26) | 8 (23) | 26 (20) | 34 (20) |
| ≤1 | 1248 (71) | 22 (63) | 98 (74) | 120 (72) |
| >1.5 | 53 (3) | 5 (14) | 8 (6) | 13 (8) |
| Circumferential LV ESS (g/cm2) | 53 (42–68) | 68 (53–90)** | 62 (46–80)** | 63 (47–81)*** |
| 1202 (44) | 28 (23) | 100 (62) | 128 (45) | |
Italics: Number of reported values (% of subjects with reported values)
Q1 quartile 1, Q3 quartile 3, LV Left ventricle, ESS end-systolic stress
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001 vs. control (no HFpEF)