Table 3.

Factors independently associated with receipt of 1 dose of hepatitis A vaccine by sociodemographic characteristics for adolescents aged 13–17 by ACIP recommendation group, National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen) 2016.

	National		States with universal child vaccination recommended since 1999 (Group 1)		States with recommendation to consider child vaccination since 1999 (Group 2)		States with universal child vaccination recommended since 2006 (Group 3)

	Weighted percentage (95% CI)^f	Adjusted PR (95% CI)^g	Weighted percentage (95% CI)^f	Adjusted PR (95% CI) ^g	Weighted percentage (95% CI)^f	Adjusted PR (95% CI) ^g	Weighted percentage (95% CI)^f	Adjusted PR (95% CI) ^g
Sample size	N = 20,475		N = 3729		N = 3709		N = 12,586
Age (years)
13–15	76.6 (75.3–77.8)	Referent	91.0 (87.9–93.4)	Referent	82.9 (80.4–85.1)	Referent	69.5 (67.9–71.1)	Referent
16–17	69.8 (68.0–71.6)^a	0.92 (0.89–0.95)^a	82.5 (77.3–86.8)^a	0.91 (0.86–0.96)^a	74.2 (70.0–78.0)^a	0.90 (0.85–0.95)^a	64.5 (62.5–66.6)^a	0.94 (0.90–0.97)^a
Gender
Male	73.2 (71.7–74.6)	0.98 (0.95–1.01)	86.2 (81.9–89.6)	0.97 (0.92–1.02)	79.4 (76.2–82.3)	1.00 (0.95–1.06)	66.9 (65.1–68.6)	0.98 (0.95–1.02)
Female	74.7 (73.2–76.1)	Referent	89.5 (86.0–92.1)	Referent	79.6 (76.3–82.5)	Referent	68.2 (66.4–70.0)	Referent
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	68.7 (67.4–70.0)	Referent	85.5 (82.0–88.4)	Referent	75.0 (71.8–77.9)	Referent	63.0 (61.5–64.6)	Referent
Black, non-Hispanic	73.4 (70.4–76.2)^a	1.03 (0.99–1.08)	97.0 (90.8–99.1)^a	1.12 (1.06–1.18)^a	84.2 (77.4–89.2)^a	1.06 (0.97–1.15)	69.8 (66.3–73.1)^a	1.09 (1.03–1.16)^a
Hispanic	85.0 (82.6–87.1)^a	1.19 (1.14–1.24)^a	90.0 (85.2–93.3)	1.02 (0.95–1.10)	84.3 (80.1–87.7)^a	1.05 (0.98–1.12)	80.5 (76.8–83.7)^a	1.24 (1.18–1.31)^a
American Indian/Alaskan Native	75.7 (66.6–83.0)	1.13 (1.02–1.25)^a	93.3 (83.3–97.5)^a	1.08 (0.99–1.17)	63.2 (34.8–84.6)^b	0.90 (0.64–1.27)	59.8 (44.4–73.6)^b	0.99 (0.77–1.26)
Asian	80.2 (73.1–85.7)^a	1.12 (1.02–1.22)^a	81.4 (53.3–94.4)^b	0.93 (0.72–1.21)	82.8 (69.9–90.9)^b	1.03 (0.89–1.19)	78.5 (72.7–83.3)^a	1.18 (1.09–1.28)^a
Other	73.5 (68.5–77.9)	1.05 (0.99–1.12)	87.1 (71.0–94.9)^b	1.00 (0.89–1.12)	68.2 (54.4–79.4)^b	0.92 (0.78–1.10)	68.7 (63.0–73.8)	1.07 (0.98–1.17)
Poverty level^c
<1.33	76.5 (74.6–78.3)	0.94 (0.90–0.99)^a	90.9 (86.8–93.8)	0.96 (0.89–1.04)	82.8 (78.9–86.1)	1.06 (0.96–1.18)	69.2 (66.7–71.5)^a	0.93 (0.86–0.99)^a
1.33 - <3.22	71.3 (69.2–73.3)^a	0.93 (0.90–0.97)^a	84.7 (78.9–89.1)	0.93 (0.87–1.00)	78.2 (73.9–82.0)	1.01 (0.93–1.11)	64.7 (62.2–67.1)^a	0.92 (0.88–0.97)^a
3.22 - <5.03	70.7 (68.2–73.0)^a	0.94 (0.90–0.98)^a	86.1 (79.2–91.0)	0.97 (0.90–1.04)	75.5 (69.3–80.8)	0.96 (0.88–1.06)	65.0 (62.1–67.8)^a	0.93 (0.88–0.98)^a
>5.03	76.2 (74.1–78.2)	Referent	88.3 (80.7–93.2)	Referent	78.8 (73.9–83.1)	Referent	71.1 (68.8–73.3)	Referent
Metropolitan statistical area
Urban	78.4 (76.7–80.0)	Referent	87.1 (82.6–90.6)	Referent	83.6 (80.4–86.3)	Referent	72.5 (70.4–74.6)	Referent
Suburban	74.1 (72.6–75.5)^a	0.96 (0.93–0.99)^a	89.8 (86.0–92.7)	1.03 (0.97–1.09)	79.1 (75.4–82.4)	0.95 (0.89–1.00)	68.2 (66.4–69.9)^a	0.95 (0.92–0.99)^a
Rural	59.6 (57.0–62.1)^a	0.81 (0.77–0.85)^a	81.9 (74.9–87.3)	0.93 (0.85–1.01)	69.0 (63.0–74.4)^a	0.88 (0.81–0.96)^a	53.1 (49.9–56.3)^a	0.79 (0.74–0.84)^a
Region
Northeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	72.0 (69.9–74.0)	Referent
Midwest	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	67.5 (65.3–69.6)^a	0.98 (0.94–1.03)
South	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	64.2 (62.0–66.4)^a	0.91 (0.87–0.96)^a
West	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	84.5 (79.2–88.7)^a	1.16 (1.08–1.25)^a
Mother’s education
< High school	81.8 (79.1–84.3)^a	1.04 (0.99–1.10)	93.5 (89.2–96.2)^a	1.09 (1.00–1.19)	82.3 (75.9–87.4)	0.92 (0.82–1.03)	73.9 (70.0–77.4)^a	1.04 (0.96–1.12)
High school	72.6 (70.2–74.9)	0.98 (0.94–1.03)	87.1 (81.6–91.2)	1.01 (0.93–1.10)	78.4 (72.8–83.0)	0.94 (0.86–1.02)	66.5 (63.5–69.4)	0.98 (0.93–1.04)
>High school, college non-graduate	71.9 (69.8–74.0)	0.99 (0.96–1.03)	87.0 (80.7–91.4)	1.02 (0.96–1.09)	77.4 (72.9–81.3)	0.95 (0.89–1.01)	64.7 (62.2–67.2)^a	0.97 (0.93–1.02)
College graduate	73.2 (71.6–74.8)	Referent	85.6 (80.1–89.8)	Referent	80.2 (76.8–83.2)	Referent	68.2 (66.3–70.0)	Referent
Vaccination payment source
Private Only	72.3 (70.8–73.8)	Referent	85.7 (80.9–89.4)	Referent	78.9 (75.4–82.0)	Referent	66.4 (64.6–68.1)	Referent
Medicaid/CHIP	76.1 (74.5–77.7)^a	1.03 (0.99–1.07)	90.3 (86.6–93.0)	1.02 (0.95–1.09)	81.1 (77.4–84.3)	1.01 (0.93–1.10)	69.2 (67.1–71.2)^a	1.04 (0.99–1.10)
Uninsured	70.5 (63.5–76.7)	0.91 (0.82–1.01)	77.6 (49.8–92.3)^b	0.90 (0.71–1.13)	84.1 (76.8–89.4)	1.04 (0.94–1.15)	60.9 (52.3–68.8)	0.88 (0.76–1.02)
Military	78.5 (73.1–83.0)^a	1.08 (1.01–1.15)^a	87.9 (78.7–93.4)	1.01 (0.92–1.11)	79.4 (65.8–88.5)^b	0.99 (0.86–1.15)	76.5 (69.3–82.4)^a	1.17 (1.07–1.27)^a
Other	71.8 (68.3–75.1)	0.99 (0.95–1.05)	89.7 (82.8–94.1)	1.04 (0.97–1.11)	71.5 (62.3–79.2)	0.93 (0.83–1.05)	65.2 (60.6–69.6)	1.00 (0.93–1.07)
Provider recommendation^d(2008–2013)
Yes	78.4 (76.3–80.5)^a	1.42 (1.36–1.48)^a	89.1 (83.3–93.0)^a	1.12 (1.05–1.20)^a	82.3 (76.2–87.1)^a	1.18 (1.09–1.29)^a	72.3 (69.8–74.8)^a	1.65 (1.56–1.75)^a
No	54.4 (52.7–56.1)	Referent	81.9 (77.1–85.9)	Referent	67.0 (62.8–70.9)	Referent	42.4 (40.5–44.3)	Referent
State requirement^e
Yes	83.2 (80.6–85.4)	Referent	92.8 (88.5–95.6)	Referent	83.9 (80.9–86.5)	Referent	45.7 (39.1–52.4)	Referent
No	72.7 (71.6–73.8)^a	0.90 (0.87–0.93)^a	87.5 (84.6–89.9)^a	0.93 (0.89–0.97)^a	71.0 (67.7–74.1)^a	0.88 (0.82–0.93)^a	67.7 (66.4–68.9)^a	1.20 (1.06–1.36)^a
	58.7 (57.2–60.1)	0.81 (0.78–0.84)^a	83.2 (79.1–86.6)^a	0.91 (0.87–0.96)^a	55.0 (51.1–59.0)^a	0.80 (0.73–0.88)^a	50.1 (48.5–51.6)	0.81 (0.76–0.86)^a

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; N/A = not available (estimate not reported because unweighted sample size for denominator was <30 or 95% CI half width/estimate >0.6).

Statistically significant difference (P-value < 0.05) compared with reference level.

Estimates with 95% Confidence Intervals > 20 may not be reliable.

Poverty Level < 1.33 is commonly used by states to determine households that are eligible for Medicaid.

Recommendation for hepatitis A vaccination. Data were only available for 2008–2013 because the NIS-Teen questionnaire was shortened in 2014 and this question was no longer asked on the questionnaire.

Yes = Mandate and teens impacted by mandate; No = No mandate (line 1) or teens not impacted by mandate (line 2).

Weighted percents are from the bivariate analyses.

Adjusted prevalence ratios are from the multivariable analyses.