Structures or entities	Natural language processing pipelinec	Phenotypic data set (Escapa and Catalano, 2013)d
Whole organism	1. Reproduction of organism* (39) 0: monoecious 1: dioecious	Habit0: monoecious1: dioecious
	2. Presence of sap when punctured* (19) 0: milky sap
Bud	3. Prominence of bud* (38) 0: conspicuous 1: inconspicuous
Bark	4. Presence of cushion‐shaped scars after branches fall* (39) 0: yes 1: no
	5. Presence of spongy nodules on bark* (39) 0: yes 1: no
	6. Coating of bark (4) 0: resinous
	7. Pubescence_or_Relief of bark (7) 0: rough 1: smooth
	8. Architecture_or_Pubescence of bark (12) 0: scaly (coarsely scaly, finely scaly, thinly scaly) 1: flaky (coarsely flaky_slightly flaky)
	9. Condition of bark (25) 0: exfoliating
	10. Type of exfoliation of bark (21) 0: in large thick flakes 1: in plates 2: in patches 3: in scales (irregular scales, in fine scales) 4: in strips (in thin strips) 5: in circular bands
	11. Coloration of bark (36) 0: brown (dark‐brown, externally dark‐brown, gray‐brown, grey‐brown, light‐ brown, orangebrown, purplish grey‐brown, purplish‐brown, redbrown) 1: grey (ash‐grey, blue‐grey, gray, light gray, red‐gray) 2: black (light‐brown, purplish‐black) 3: white (externally gray‐white, nearly white, white, whitish) 4: red 5: tan 6: green
	12. Coloration of inner bark (6) 0: red (internally reddish_reddish) 1: brown (internally reddish‐brown, redbrown) 2: tan 3: pink
Branching	13. Branching pattern (4) 0: u‐like 1: v‐like
Resin	14. Coloration of resin (4) 0: white 1: yellow (pale‐yellow_yellowish)
Branch	15. Orientation of branch (14) 0: horizontal (irregularly horizontal) 1: ascending 2: spreading 3: pendent
Branchlet	16. Diameter of branchlet (9) 0: 0.0–10.0 1: 10.0–20.0 2: 20.0–30.0 3: 30.0–55.0
Bud	17. Shape of bud (6) 0: globular 1: round (rounded with scales)
Leaf	18. Reflectance of leaf (4) 0: glossy (below shiny, shiny) 1: dull
	19. Texture of leaf (6) 0: coriaceous
	20. Orientation of leaf (10) 0: spreading 1: incurved (inward)
	21. Patterns of abaxial side of leaf (12) 0: glaucous (below glaucous, slightly glaucous) 1: non‐glaucous (below non‐glaucous, underneath non‐glaucous)
	22. Coloration of leaf (16) 0: dark green 1: bright‐green (light green, light‐green, pale‐yellow‐green, yellowish‐green)
	23. Leaf arrangement* (39) 0: alternate 1: opposite_subopposite 2: spirally (spirally_arranged) 3: tetrastichous	Phyllotaxis of mature leaves0: Helical1: Whorl2: Opposite to subopposite
	24. Arrangement of leaf 2 (14) 0: imbricate (closely imbricate) 1: loosely imbricate
	25. Shape of leaf 1 (34) 0: lanceolate (narrowly lanceolate, oblong‐lanceolate, oval‐lanceolate, ovate‐lanceolate) 1: elliptic (linear‐elliptic, long‐oval, oblong‐elliptic, oval, ovate‐elliptic) 2: lanceolate 3: circular (round, ovate‐round) 4: ovate (round broadly ovate, triangular‐ovate) 5: lenticular 6: obovate (elliptic‐obovate) 7: triangular
	26. Shape of leaf 2 (34) 0: laminar blade 1: needlelike 2: scale‐like
	27. Shape of leaf 3 (14) 0: keeled (dorsally keeled) 1: flattened (somewhat flattened) 2: non‐flattened 3: awl‐shaped
	28. Shape of leaf apex (21) 0: acute (bluntly acute, sharply acute) 1: obtuse 2: attenuate (acuminate‐attenuate)	Bract/scale fusion at ovuliferous cone0: acute1: obtuse
	29. Length of mature leaf (cm) (8) 0: 0.0–2.5 1: 2.5–5.0 2: 5.0–10.0 3: 10.0–20.0	Mature leaf length (continuous)
	30. Length of juvenile leaf (cm) (8) 0: 0.0–2.5 1: 2.5–5.0 2: 5.0–10.0 3: 10.0–20.0 4: 20.0–25.0
	31. Width of mature leaf (cm) (5) 0: 0.0–1.0 1: 1.0–5.0 2: 5.0–15.0 3: 15.0–20.0	Mature leaf width (continuous)
	32. Width of juvenile leaf (cm) (16) 0: 0.0–2.0 1: 2.0–4.0 2: 4.0–6.0 3: 6.0–15.0
Male cone	33. Coloration of male cone (6) 0: brown (redbrown, reddish‐brown, ultimately becoming dark‐brown, yellowish‐brown) 1: bluish‐white 2: reddish
	34. Architecture_or_Arrangement_or_Growth_Form of male cone (6) 0: solitary 1: in groups
	35. Position of male cone (39) 0: axillary 1: terminal	Pollen cone disposition0: axillary1: terminal
	36. Fragility_or_Size of peduncle male cone (6) 0: robust (stout)
	37. Architecture of peduncle of male cone (12) 0: sessile (almost sessile, short peduncle, shortly pedunculate) 1: peduncle (on peduncle)
	38. Length of male cone (cm) (38) 0: 0.0–5.0 1: 5.0–10.0 2: 10.0–15.0 3: 15.0–26.0	Pollen cone length (continuous)
	39. Shape of male cone (30) 0: cylindrical (broadly cylindrical, cylindric, oblong‐cylindric, ovoid‐cylindrical) 1: globose (globular) 2: pyriform 3: ovate	Pollen cone morphology0: spherical/globose1: ellipsoidal/subglobose2: cylindrical3: irregular
	40. Width of male cone (cm) (35) 0: 0.0–1.0 1: 1.0–2.5 2: 2.5–5.0 3: 5.0–15.0	Pollen cone width (continuous)
Microsporophyll	41. Arrangement of microsporophyll (7) 0: imbricate (strongly imbricate) 1: spirally	Microsporophyll phyllotaxy0: decussate1: helical2: whorled
	42. Shape of microsporophyll (13) 0: triangular (broadly triangular) 1: rhombic 2: oval 3: semicircular
	43. Shape of microsporophyll apex (4) 0: umbonate 1: acute 2: obtuse
Midrib	44. Prominence of midrib (13) 0: prominent (visible) 1: faint (not conspicous)	Midrib0: evident from external view1: not evident from external view
Female cone	45. Coloration of female cone (9) 0: green (glaucous‐green, greenish, olive‐green) 1: brown (purplish brown, chestnut‐brown, dark‐brown, when ripe brown)
	46. Length of female cone (cm) (29) 0: 0.0–10.0 1: 10.0–20.0 2: 20.0–35.0	Ovuliferous cone length (continuous)
	47. Width of female cone (cm) (29) 0: 0.0–10.0 1: 10.0–20.0 2: 20.0–25.0	Ovuliferous cone width (continuous)
	48. Shape of female cone (39) 0: globose (globular, subglobose) 1: elliptic (broadly ellipsoidal, globose‐ovoid, oval, ovoid) 2: obovate 3: lanceolate	Ovuliferous cone morphology0: spherical/globose1: ellipsoidal/subglobose2: cylindrical3: irregular
	49. Fusion of bracts and scales of female cone (4) 0: yes	Bract/scale fusion at ovuliferous cone0: absent1: present
	50. Length of female cone scale (cm) (4) 0: 0.0–3.0 1: 3.0–4.0
Ovate scales	51. Shape of ovate scales (39) 0: flattened (somewhat flattened)
	52. Shape of ovate scales 2 (39) 0: broadly ovate 1: thin
Scales	53. Arrangement of scale (7) 0: imbricate 1: densely imbricate
	54. Shape of scale (18) 0: round (broadly rounded) 1: triangular (nearly triangular, roughly triangular) 2: angular 3: ovate (ovoid) 4: lanceolate 5: quadrangular
	55. Seed cone scales apical appendage (18) 0: yes
	56. Shape of apex of scale (5) 0: well rounded 1: obtuse 2: acuminate
Cone bract	57. Shape of cone bract (4) 0: oblong‐elliptic 1: oblong‐ovate 2: acuminate 3: triangular
	58. Length of cone bract (mm) (12) 0: 0.0–10.0 1: 10.0‐–20.0
Bract	59. Orientation of bract (9) 0: recurved 1: erect 2: incurved 3: reflexed
Nut	60. Size_or_Width of nut (5) 0: broad 1: narrow (relatively narrow)
	61. Shape of nut (7) 0: oblong 1: ovate 2: triangular 3: somewhat rectangular
Scale	62. Width of scale (cm) (5) 0: 0.0–3.0 1: 3.0–6.0
Seeds	63. Seeds becoming detached 0: yes 1: no scales* (39)	Seed abscission0: absent1: present
	64. Shape of seed (12) 0: ovoid (ellipsoid_oval, oblong‐subovoid) 1: obovoid 2: cordate (narrowly cordate) 3: rounded 4: triangular
	65. Width of seed (mm) (12) 0: 0.0–20.0 1: 20.0–50.0 2: 50.0–90.0	Seed width (continuous)
	66. Length of seed (cm) (26) 0: 0.0–1.0 1: 1.0–4.0 2: 4.0–10.0 3: 10.0–20.0	Seed length (continuous)
	67. Wings on seeds (39) 0: protruding wing on one side and small protrusion on the other 1: wingless 2: two wings 3: circumferentially winged	Integumentary seed wings0: absent1: presentIntegumentary seed wing symmetry0: 11: 2Integumentary seed wing symmetry0: asymmetric1: symmetric
	68. Length of wing of seed (mm) (5) 0: 0.0–10.0 1: 10.0–20.0 2: 20.0–30.0
	69. Shape of wing of seed (11) 0: truncated 1: obovoid 2: rounded (broadly rounded) 3: ovate 4: ovate (broadly ovate) 5: triangular 6: rectangular
Cotyledons	70. Quantity of cotyledon (15) 0: 2 1: 4	Number of cotyledons0: 21: 42: cotyledon tube
	71. Germination of cotyledon (19) 0: epigeal (reportedly epigeal) 1: hypogeal	Germination0: epigeal1: cryptogeal

^*Characters extracted from generic descriptions that were manually added to the matrix.

^aExpressions included in parentheses were coded under the same character state because they were considered synonymous.

^bTerms or expressions are presented in the format that they were extracted by the pipeline from the source literature. Underscore (e.g., “ellipsoid_oval”) signifies “to” or “or” (i.e., “ellipsoid to oval” or “ellipsoid or oval”).

^cCharacter name (no. of taxa with data); code: character state.

^dEquivalent character(s); code: character state.