Table 4.

Associations between psychotic experiences (2 or more versus 1 PE type, more than 0.3 annualized episodes versus 0.3 or less) and subsequent onset of substance use (SU) and substance use disorders (SUDs)

	2 or more PE typesa		> 0.3 episodes per yearb
	OR	(95% C.I)	OR	(95% C.I)
I. Lifetime substance use
Tobacco use	1.5	(0.9–2.3)	1.5*	(1.0–2.1)
Daily tobacco use	0.9	(0.6–1.2)	1.2	(0.9–1.8)
Alcohol use	1.5*	(1.1–1.9)	1.4*	(1.1–1.8)
Cannabis use	1.4*	(1.1–1.9)	1.2	(0.9–1.5)
Cocaine use	1.9*	(1.3–2.8)	1.2	(0.9–1.8)
Extra-medical prescription drug use	1.2	(0.8–1.9)	1.0	(0.7–1.4)
Other illicit drug use	0.9	(0.6–1.4)	1.0	(0.7–1.5)
II. Lifetime substance use disorder
Nicotine dependence	1.5	(0.9–2.3)	1.6*	(1.1–2.3)
Alcohol use disorders	1.5*	(1.0–2.1)	1.6*	(1.3–2.1)
Alcohol abuse	1.3	(0.8–2.1)	1.2	(0.8–1.8)
Alcohol dependence	1.9*	(1.3–2.9)	2.0*	(1.4–2.9)
Illicit drug use disorders	1.6*	(1.1–2.3)	1.4	(1.0–2.0)
Illicit drug abuse	1.7*	(1.0–2.9)	1.2	(0.7–2.2)
Illicit drug dependence	1.6	(1.0–2.7)	1.7*	(1.1–2.6)

^aEach row represents a discrete-time survival model of 2 or more PE types (ref: 1 PE type) as predictors of subsequent SU or SUDs. (i) For lifetime substance use, adjusted for other temporally prior substance use and antecedent mental disorders in addition to person-years, age cohorts, sex, and country. (ii) For lifetime substance use disorder, adjusted for other temporally prior substance use, and antecedent mental disorders in addition to person-years, age-cohorts, sex, and country.

^bEach row represents a discrete-time survival model of more than 0.3 annualized episodes (ref: <= 0.3 episodes) as predictors of subsequent SU or SUDs. (i) For lifetime substance use, adjusted for other temporally prior substance use and antecedent mental disorders in addition to person-years, age cohorts, sex, and country. (ii) For lifetime substance use disorder, adjusted for other temporally prior substance use, and antecedent mental disorders in addition to person-years, age-cohorts, sex, and country.