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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 27.
Published in final edited form as: Biometrics. 2017 Oct 11;74(2):636–644. doi: 10.1111/biom.12792

Table 1.

Description of potential risk factors for transitioning between smoking states.

Baseline Measures

Measure Scale Coded As



Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) 0–6 Continuous
Education level completed Years Continuous
Age Years Continuous
Race/Ethnicity Non-Hispanic White or Black/Other Binary indicator with “Non-Hispanic White” as reference.
Contingency Management (CM) Yes or No Binary indicator with “No” as reference

EMA Items

Item Type Item Assessment Scale Coded As




Urge to smoke “I have an urge to smoke” 1–5 Likert Continuous
“I feel happy” 1–5 Likert Continuous
“I feel calm” 1–5 Likert Continuous
“I feel irritable” 1–5 Likert Continuous
Affect “I feel frustrated/angry” 1–5 Likert Continuous
“I feel sad” 1–5 Likert Continuous
“I feel worried” 1–5 Likert Continuous
“I feel miserable” 1–5 Likert Continuous
Social Setting “Is anyone you are, interacting with smoking?”** Yes or No Binary indicator with “No” as reference
Abstinence Self-efficacy “I am confident in my ability to AVOID smoking” 1–5 Likert Continuous
Cigarette Availability “Cigarettes are available to me” 1–5 Likert Continuous
Being outside Yes or No Binary indicator with “Not outside” as reference
Location In a car/truck Yes or No Binary indicator with “Not in a car or truck” as reference
At work Yes or No Binary indicator with “Not at work” as reference
**

Prompted if individual answered “Yes” to “Are you interacting with people?”