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. 2018 Apr 11;8:5812. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24228-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of PPi and etidronate on MN cell formation. (A,B) Monocytes from DCC-susceptible C3H mice were isolated and subjected to MN differentiation with M-CSF and RANKL. At day 6, the indicated concentrations of PPi were added. MN cell formation was imaged (A) and quantitated (n = 8 in each group; (B). Relative quantitation of the osteogenic markers Trap and Ctsk in MN cells differentiated in the presence of the indicated concentrations of PPi (n = 3 in each group; (C).