Fig. 5.

Testicular lie — normal and abnormal. a Color Doppler transverse US image of the testes in a 12-year-old boy with mild groin pain demonstrates normal vertical lie with the testes seen in round cross-sections and with the mediastinum testis (arrows) directed posterolaterally. b Color Doppler transverse US image of both testes in a 14-year-old boy who woke with acute right scrotal pain demonstrates abnormal horizontal lie of the right testis (arrow) with slightly decreased intratesticular flow compared to the normal left side. He had experienced similar episodes of pain in the past and was diagnosed with intermittent torsion. During orchiopexy 12 h later, a bell clapper deformity was noted bilaterally. c Gray-scale transverse US image of both testes in a 16-year-old boy with right testicular pain demonstrates abnormal oblique lie of the right testis (arrows), which is oriented diagonally compared to the normal left side. Intermittent torsion was diagnosed intraoperatively