Fig. 6.

Deviation from expected within-host diversity at individual amino acid positions within the CSP, TRAP, and SERA2 amplicon regions. Points above the dotted line mark amino acid positions with significant heterozygosity differences between observed and simulated infections after Bonferroni correction. Filled circles show a reduction in observed within-infection diversity whereas open circles show an increase in observed within-infection diversity. The size of the point corresponds to the effect size estimated with a quasi-Poisson regression. Points in red show a marginally significant effect of age on diversity (P < 0.05) before multiple-testing correction, but none of these interactions remain significant after Bonferroni correction. Only variant positions with a major allele frequency <0.98 were included in the analysis