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. 2018 Apr 11;8:5803. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24243-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Later-state dysregulation of striatal gene expression induced by mHTT surfaced early on. (a) Venn diagram comparing differentially expressed genes in 2-month-old BACHD rats housed in one of the three tested environmental conditions with 12-month-old BACHD rats housed in the standard environment¹². (b) Scatter plot of gene expression changes between WT and BACHD rats at 2 months (x-axis) and 12 months of age (y-axis). Striatal DEGs in 12-month-old BACHD rats¹² plotted in grey. Striatal DEGs also identified in 2-month-old rats labelled in purple. Linear regression line with standard error shown in grey. Dashed line represents ordinary diagonal. Grey labels indicate DEGs that reached significance in 12-month-old but not in 2-month-old rats. (c) Enrichment of DEGs in 2-month-old rats (TG/WT for all three environments) for genes in HD consensus modules¹¹. Genes in the upper five modules are downregulated and in the lower eight modules upregulated in a CAG length-dependent manner. Bars show p-values of two-sided Fisher’s exact test and number of common genes. (d) Enrichment of DEGs in 2-month-old rats (TG/WT for all three environments) for distinct striatal cell types characterized by sorting Drd1-, Drd2-, Glt1-, and Cx3cr1-positive striatal cells in mice. Number of cell type-specific genes (p_adj < 0.1) indicated in brackets on right. Bars show p-values of two-sided Fisher’s exact test and number of common genes.