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. 2018 Apr 11;38(15):3753–3766. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2518-17.2018

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

CRH amacrine cells are divided into three cell types. A, Left, CRH-1 cell has a medium-field dendritic tree that typically exhibits an irregular branching pattern. Image shows the collapsed confocal z-stack of a cell filled with Lucifer yellow; this image has been converted to grayscale with inverted contrast. Middle, CRH-1 cell responds to modulations in contrast (spot stimulus, 800 μm diameter) via graded changes in membrane potential, with hyperpolarization to negative contrast (relative to the mean luminance) and depolarization to positive contrast. Right, Average depolarizing and hyperpolarizing responses for a population of cells. Responses were measured in a 50 ms time window near the peak depolarizing or hyperpolarizing response before averaging across cells. Error bars indicate ± SEM across cells. B, Same format as A for CRH-2 cells. Left, Image showing a drawing of the large-field of processes based on confocal images. Some processes extended off the field of view. Middle, CRH-2 cell fires action potentials to positive contrast. Right, Firing rate to positive and negative contrast measured across cells. C, Same format as B for CRH-3 cells. Di, Dii, Confocal image (single sections, 40× oil, NA = 1.4) showing inner (Di) and outer (Dii) processes of the CRH-2 cell in B, which costratify with ON and OFF bipolar cell terminals, respectively. Scale bar applies to both images. E, Confocal image showing processes of the CRH-3 cell in C. F, Dendritic tree versus stratification for CRH-1, CRH-2, and CRH-3 cells and the four ON alpha cells from Figure 1. Stratification was defined by the peak fluorescence, as in Figure 1. CRH-1, CRH-3, and the inner processes of CRH-2 cells stratified at a similar depth in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) between the inner ChAT band and the GCL. CRH-2 outer processes are stratified near the INL. The dendritic tree diameter for CRH-2 and CRH-3 cells was not measured accurately because of incomplete fills in most cases, but all cells were apparently > 1000 μm diameter. G, Small number of YFP+ cells in the CRH-ires-Cre::Ai32 line were colabeled by the nNOS antibody (arrow) and were presumed to be CRH-2 cells (Zhu et al., 2014).