Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted percentage of US adults who agree with each of the following two statements about vitamin D by demographic characteristics, SummerStyles 2015 online survey data.
| If I regularly protect my skin from the sun, I will be at risk of not getting enough vitamin D. (n = 4118)a | I can get enough vitamin D from the foods I eat and the vitamins I take. (n = 4116)a | |||||||
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| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
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| % (95% CI)b | P-valuec | % (95% CI)b | P-valued | % (95% CI)b | P-valuec | % (95% CI)b | P-valued | |
| Overall | 19.6 (18.2, 21.0) | 19.7 (18.3, 21.1) | 42.9 (41.1, 44.6) | 43.1 (41.3, 44.9) | ||||
| Gender | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.23 | ||||
| Women | 20.5 (18.6, 22.6) | 20.8 (18.8, 22.9) | 44.1 (41.7, 46.5) | 44.1 (41.7, 46.6) | ||||
| Men | 18.5 (16.5, 20.7) | 18.5 (16.5, 20.6) | 41.5 (39.0, 44.1) | 41.9 (39.4, 44.5) | ||||
| Age (years) | 0.44 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.004 | ||||
| 18–29 | 17.4 (14.1, 21.2) | 16.5 (13.3, 20.3) | 40.7 (36.2, 45.3) | 38.0 (33.4, 42.9) | ||||
| 30–44 | 19.2 (16.4, 22.4) | 18.6 (15.8, 21.8) | 39.2 (35.6, 42.9) | 40.3 (36.6, 44.1) | ||||
| 45–59 | 20.6 (18.2, 23.3) | 21.0 (18.6, 23.8) | 44.2 (41.2, 47.3) | 45.1 (42.0, 48.3) | ||||
| 60–94 | 20.6 (18.2, 23.3) | 22.0 (19.2, 25.0) | 46.7 (43.6, 49.7) | 47.7 (44.4, 51.0) | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.28 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 17.9 (16.4, 19.5) | 17.7 (16.1, 19.4) | 44.6 (42.6, 46.6) | 44.3 (42.1, 46.4) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic black | 23.9 (19.4, 29.1) | 25.6 (20.5, 31.4) | 44.0 (38.5, 49.6) | 43.7 (37.8, 50.0) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic other | 27.1 (20.5, 34.9) | 26.1 (19.6, 33.8) | 39.0 (31.4, 47.2) | 40.2 (32.4, 48.4) | ||||
| Hispanic | 19.6 (15.8, 24.0) | 20.7 (16.6, 25.5) | 36.5 (31.6, 41.7) | 38.8 (33.6, 44.2) | ||||
| Skin sensitivity to the sun | 0.58 | 0.32 | 0.44 | 0.73 | ||||
| Get a severe sunburn with blisters | 24.3 (18.0, 31.9) | 25.0 (18.6, 32.8) | 45.8 (37.8, 54.1) | 45.3 (37.6, 53.2) | ||||
| Have a moderate sunburn with peeling | 18.8 (16.1, 21.9) | 19.7 (16.8, 23.0) | 44.8 (41.1, 48.6) | 44.4 (40.7, 48.3) | ||||
| Burn mildly with some or no tanning | 19.5 (17.1, 22.1) | 20.3 (17.8, 23.1) | 43.7 (40.7, 46.7) | 43.3 (40.2, 46.5) | ||||
| Turn darker without sunburn/nothing would happen to my skin | 19.7 (17.4, 22.1) | 18.6 (16.4, 21.0) | 41.4 (38.6, 44.3) | 41.9 (39.0, 44.9) | ||||
| Annual household income | 0.68 | 0.71 | 0.19 | 0.07 | ||||
| <$25 K | 19.7 (16.4, 23.4) | 19.5 (16.1, 23.4) | 40.7 (36.6, 45.0) | 39.3 (35.1, 43.7) | ||||
| $25 K–<40 K | 18.1 (15.0, 21.7) | 17.8 (14.7, 21.4) | 41.0 (36.8, 45.4) | 40.9 (36.7, 45.3) | ||||
| $40 K–<60 K | 18.6 (15.5, 22.0) | 19.2 (16.1, 22.8) | 40.8 (36.7, 45.0) | 41.0 (36.9, 45.2) | ||||
| $60 K+ | 20.3 (18.2, 22.4) | 20.3 (18.2, 22.7) | 44.7 (42.2, 47.3) | 45.6 (42.9, 48.4) | ||||
| Education | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.70 | 0.78 | ||||
| Less than high school | 23.8 (18.6, 29.8) | 24.7 (19.2, 31.1) | 41.9 (35.7, 48.4) | 43.5 (37.1, 50.1) | ||||
| High school | 17.1 (14.8, 19.6) | 17.5 (15.2, 20.2) | 42.2 (39.1, 45.4) | 42.6 (39.3, 45.9) | ||||
| Some college | 16.9 (14.7, 19.5) | 16.9 (14.7, 19.5) | 42.3 (39.1, 45.5) | 42.1 (39.0, 45.3) | ||||
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 22.9 (20.4, 25.7) | 22.4 (19.8, 25.2) | 44.5 (41.4, 47.6) | 44.4 (41.2, 47.6) | ||||
| Marital status | 0.93 | 0.46 | 0.02 | <0.001 | ||||
| Married or living with partner | 19.4 (17.7, 21.2) | 19.2 (17.4, 21.2) | 40.9 (38.7, 43.1) | 39.5 (37.2, 41.9) | ||||
| Widowed, divorced, or separated | 19.3 (16.0, 23.1) | 18.3 (14.9, 22.2) | 47.5 (43.0, 51.9) | 46.3 (41.5, 51.1) | ||||
| Never married | 20.1 (17.0, 23.5) | 21.5 (18.1, 25.3) | 45.0 (41.2, 49.0) | 49.7 (45.5, 54.0) | ||||
| Region | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.15 | 0.27 | ||||
| Northeast | 21.8 (18.4, 25.6) | 22.2 (18.8, 26.2) | 41.1 (37.0, 45.3) | 40.4 (36.3, 44.6) | ||||
| Midwest | 17.7 (15.1, 20.7) | 18.5 (15.8, 21.6) | 44.8 (41.3, 48.3) | 43.9 (40.4, 47.5) | ||||
| South | 19.0 (16.8, 21.4) | 18.7 (16.5, 21.1) | 44.5 (41.5, 47.5) | 44.9 (41.9, 48.0) | ||||
| West | 20.5 (17.5, 23.8) | 20.3 (17.3, 23.7) | 39.9 (36.2, 43.7) | 41.5 (37.8, 45.3) | ||||
a
n= sample size.
b
CI = confidence interval; percentages and 95% CIs are weighted to the study population.
c
P value was calculated with the Wald chi-square statistic. Boldface indicates statistical significance (P < 0.05).
d
P value was calculated with the Wald F statistic (for multivariable analysis).