Table 3.
Demographic characteristics of women who participated in the survey
| Characteristics | Women total n = 60 (%) |
|---|---|
| Age (years)a | 33 (±4.5) |
| Primigravida (G1P0) | 27 (45) |
| BMI category b | |
| - Normal | 21 (35) |
| - Overweight | 11 (18.3) |
| - Obese (Class I) | 11 (18.3) |
| - Obese (Class II) | 8 (13.3) |
| - Obese (Class II) | 9 (15) |
| - Total obese | 28 (46.6) |
| Ethnicity c | |
| - European | 24 (40) |
| - Māori | 6 (10) |
| - Asian | 22 (36.7) |
| - Pacific Peoples | 7 (11.6) |
| - MELAA | 1 (1.7) |
| Highest educational qualifications after leaving school d | |
| 1. No qualification | 3 (5) |
| 2. Level 1 certificate | 2 (3.3) |
| 3. Level 2 certificate | 4 (6.7) |
| 4. Level 3 certificate | 6 (10) |
| 5. Level 4 certificate | 4 (6.7) |
| 6. Level 5 and level 6 Diploma | 13 (21.7) |
| 7. Bachelor degree and level 7 qualification | 25 (41.6) |
| 8. Post-graduate and honours degree | 1 (1.7) |
| 9. Master degree | 2 (3.3) |
| New Zealand Deprivation indexe | |
| - 1 (least deprived) | 8 (13.5) |
| - 2 | 5 (8.4) |
| - 3 | 5 (8.4) |
| - 4 | 10 (16.7) |
| - 5 | 7 (11.8) |
| - 6 | 2 (3.4) |
| - 7 | 5 (8.5) |
| - 8 | 6 (10) |
| - 9 | 5 (8.7) |
| - 10 (most deprived) | 6 (10) |
| Lead Maternity Carer (LMC) f | |
| - Midwife | 55 (91.7) |
| - Obstetrician | 1 (1.7) |
| - Hospital Team | 4 (6.7) |
| Health history | |
| Gestational age at GDM diagnosis (weeks)a | 27.8 (±2.0) |
| Previous GDM | 10 (16.7) |
| Previous hypertension | 2 (3.3) |
| Current hypertension | 3 (5) |
| Family history of hypertension | 24 (40) |
| Family history of diabetes | 27 (45) |
| Current smoker | 3 (15) |
| Capillary blood glucose testing (CBG) | |
| Weeks of self-testing capillary blood glucose at interviewa | 6.8 (±2.3) |
| Daily self-testing CBG: four times (Before breakfast, after breakfast, after lunch and after dinner) |
32 (53) |
| Daily self-testing CBG: six times (Before and after breakfast, lunch and dinner) |
28 (47) |
| Current treatment | |
| - Diet only | 18 (30) |
| - Insulin and diet | 13 (21.7) |
| - Metformin and diet | 17 (28.3) |
| - Insulin, Metformin and diet | 12 (20) |
| Interview type | |
| Face-to-face interview | 34 (57) |
| Phone interview | 26 (43) |
Figures are numbers and percentages
aMean and standard deviation
bBMI categories: Underweight < 18.50; Normal range: ≥ 18.55–24.99; Overweight: ≥ 25.00–29.99; Obese (Class I) ≥ 30.00–34.99; Obese (Class II): Severe obese ≥35.00–39.99; Obese (Class II): Morbid obese: ≥ 40.00 (according to WHO and Ministry of Health categories) [44, 45]
cas categorised by New Zealand government statistics groups for major ethnic groups. MELAA is an acronym for Middle Eastern/Latin American/African. http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/infographic-culture-identity.aspx
das categorised by New Zealand government statistics groups. http://archive.stats.govt.nz/?_ga=2.86002648.1123263351.1521524783-1632759419.1521524783
eas categorised by New Zealand 2013 Deprivation Index, University of Otago, Department of Public Health. Deprivation score was unknown for one woman, as her address had no meshblock listed
Http://www.otago.ac.nz/wellington/departments/publichealth/research/hirp/otago020194.html
fA Lead Maternity Carer (LMC) in New Zealand provides lead maternity care (is in charge). This can be either a Midwife, Obstetrician, or GP. https://www.midwife.org.nz/in-new-zealand/contexts-for-practice